Nutrient content, uptake and protein: Chickpea is valued
for its high protein content and has about 16-20% protein in
the grain. Since, protein content in grain is directly associated
with the nitrogen content, which can be expressed as follows:
Protein content (%) = Nitrogen content (%) × 6.25
Hence, increase in the nitrogen content will result
in increase in the protein content. Qureshi
et al (2009)
reported
Rhizobium inoculation produced higher grain N and
P content in comparison to uninoculated control. Similarly,
Erman
et al (2011) found that grain as well as shoot N and P
content was higher where the chickpea was inoculated with
Rhizobium . These findings are in line with those of Yagmur
and Kaydan (2011) and Tagore
et al (2014) in chickpea.
Further, Kaur
et al (2015) reported 61.1% and 11.4% greater
grain N and P content, respectively in
Mesorhizobium inoculated chickpea. Kumar
et al (2014) also found
significantly higher protein content in
Rhizobium inoculated
plots in comparison to uninoculated control.
Similarly, remarkable improvements in uptake of
N and P by both grain and shoot have been observed with
Rhizobium inoculation in chickpea. In a field experiment,
Sahai and Chandra (2011) found higher N and P uptake in
both grain and shoot when chickpea was inoculated with
Mesorhizobium sp. in contrast to uninoculated control. This
might be due to increased nitrogen fixation (Rokhzadi and
Toashih, 2011) as well as improvement in root growth and
root behaviour which favourably influence nutrient
acquisition (Das
et al, 2012).
Residual soil nutrient status: Use of
Rhizobium inoculants
helps in improving available N and P in the soil after crop
harvest which can be utilized by the next crop (Abdalla
et al, 2013). Similarly, Chandra and Pareek (2015) recorded
0.6%, 6.5% and 4.3% higher organic carbon, available N
and available P, respectively, in a
Rhizobium inoculated
chickpea. These findings are in line with those of Zaidi
et al (2003) and Tagore
et al (2013). Moreover, higher soil
microbial biomass carbon was found in
Mesorhizobium inoculated chickpea (Bhattacharjya and Chandra, 2013).
These results may be attributed to production of more crop
biomass due to inoculation and consequently higher return
of organic residues and exudates into the soil enhancing
microbial biomass and activities (Babu
et al, 2015). The
pulse crops residues have lower C:N ratio, as a result of
which immobilization after incorporation in the soil is low,