Amaliy mashg‗ulotlarni bajarish boyicha

Yüklə 2,18 Mb.

səhifə	6/16
tarix	06.09.2023
ölçüsü	2,18 Mb.
	#141809

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... 16

muhandislik dasturlari Amaliy mashg

A  B  7C

formulaga ushbu rostlik jadvali mos keladi.

A	B	S	7C	B  7C	A  B  7C
R	R	R	Yo	Yo	Yo
R	R	Yo	R	R	R
R	Yo	R	Yo	Yo	Yo
R	Yo	Yo	R	Yo	Yo
Yo	R	R	Yo	Yo	R
Yo	R	Yo	R	R	R
Yo	Yo	R	Yo	Yo	R
Yo	Yo	Yo	R	Yo	R

Ta`rif. Agar mulohazalar algebrasining

F₁A₁A₂,...A_n _va
F₂A₁A₂,...A_n

formulalari propozisional o'zgaruvchilar mos qiymatlarining barcha naborlarida bir xil qiymat qabul qilsalar, bu formulalarni teng kuchli formulalar deyiladi.

F₁A₁A₂,...A_n _va
F₂A₁A₂,...A_n

formulalarni teng kuchli ekanligini

^F¹^^A¹^A²^,...^Aⁿ^^^F²^^A¹^A²^,...^Aⁿ^ko'rinishda yoziladi.
Ta`rifga ko'ra 1- va 2- misollardagiformulalartengkuchlidir, ya`ni
A  B  7C  7A  B  7A  C_.
Mantiqiyamallarningta`rifidanfoydalanibba`zitengkuchliliklarnibevositaisbotlashmumkin, masalan;

A  B  B  A,
A  B  B  A, ₇₇_A__A_,
7A  A  _Yo,
7A  A  _R

munosabatlar o'rinlidir.

Ta`rifga ko'ra, formulalarning teng kuchli ekanligini aniqlashning umumiy usuli quyidagicha; Har bir formula uchun rostlik jadvali tuziladi, propozisional o'zgaruvchilarning bir xil naborlarida formulalarning qabul qiladigan qiymatlari solishtiriladi, agar naborlarning barcha mos kombinasiyalarida formulalarning qiymatlari bir xil bo'lsa, bu formulalar teng kuchli bo'ladi.

Quyidagi tengkuchliliklar, mulohazalar logikasining asosiy teng kuchliliklari hisoblanadilar.

^A^^B^^B^^A^/kon`yuksiyaning o'rin almashuvchanligi ^/.
^A^^B^^B^^A^/diz`yunksiyaning o'rin almashuvchanligi ^/.

A  B  C  A  B  C

^/kon`yunksiyaning assosiativligi ^/.

^A^^^B^^C^^^^A^^B^^^C^/diz`yunksiyaning assosiativligi ^/.
^A^^^B^^C^^^^A^^B^^^^A^^C^^/diz`yunksiyaning kon`yunksiyaga nisbatan distributivligi.
^A^^^B^^C^^^^A^^B^^^^A^^C^^/kon`yunksiyaning diz`yunksiyaga nisbatan distributivligi.
^A^^A^^A^/kon`yunksiyaning idempotentligi ^/. ^A^^A^^A^/diz`yunksiyaning idempotentligi ^/. A  P  A _.
A  P  Р _.

11.
A  Ё  Ё _.

A  Ё  A _.
A  7A  Ё _.

A  7A  P _.
⁷^^A^^B^^⁷^A^⁷^B^/de Morgan tengkuchliliklari ^/.
⁷^^A^^B^^⁷^A^⁷^B^/de Morgan tengkuchliliklari ^/.
^A^^B^⁷^A^^B^/implikasiyaning inkor va kon`yunksiya bilan ifodalanishi ^/.
⁷⁷^A^^A^/qo'sh inkor tengkuchliligi ^/.
A  B  A  B  B  A_.
Ko'rilgan teng kuchliliklarning har birining o'rinli ekanligini rostlik jadvallarini tuzish yordamida isbotlash mumkin. Bu teng kuchliliklar yordamida, berilgan formulaga teng kuchli formulalarni hosil qilish, berilgan formulalarning teng kuchliligini aniqlash, formulalarni soddaroq ko'rinishga keltirish, hamda berilgan formulani aynan rost, aynan yolg'on, bajariluvchi ekanligini aniqlash mumkin.
Biz mulohazalar algebrasida formula tushunchasini kiritishda mulohazalar to'plamidan olingan har qanday elementar mulohazaga biror propozisional o'zgaruvchini mos qo'ygan edik. Shu munosabat bilan avval ta`riflarini keltirganimiz, aynan rost, aynan yolg'on va bajariluvchi mulohazalarni, formula tushunchasini qo'llab, mos ravishda aynan rost formula, aynan yolg'on formula, bajariluvchi formula tushunchalari bilan bir xil tushunchalar deb qaraymiz. Shuningdek, formula tushunchasi yordamida ta`riflaganimizda teng kuchli formulalar tushunchasini ham teng kuchli mulohazalar tushunchasi bilan bir xil deb hisoblaymiz. Umuman mulohazalar algebrasida mulohazalar algebrasining formulasi deganda qandaydir mulohazani nazarda tutamiz.
Har qanday mulohazaga biror formula mos kelishi va formulalar uchun ko'rib chiqilgan teng kuchliliklarni hisobga olib, mulohazalar uchun ham teng kuchliliklarni qo'llash mumkin, ya`ni mulohazani boshqa biror teng kuchli mulohazaga almashtirish, berilgan mulohazalarni teng kuchliligini aniqlash, murakkab mulohazani aynan rost yoki aynan yolg'on ekanligini aniqlash mumkin.
NAZORAT SAVOLLARI:

Mantiqiy elementlar haqida umumiy tushunchalar bering.

Teng kuchli formulalar va teng kuchli almashtirishlarni bayon qiling.

Chinlik jadvallari holatlarni bayon qiling.

Mantiqiy elementlarni kombinatsion sxemalarda qanday tasvirlanadi.

Amaliy mashg„ulot.

2- Mavzu:MATLAB dasturidagi ishchi oynalarda amallar bajarishni o„rganish

Ishni bajarishdan maqsad: MATLAB da umumiy maqsadlarga ishlatiladigan buyruqlar va ishchi oynalari bilan tanishish.
Boshlang„ich ma‟lumotlar - MATLAB interaktiv yordam tizimiga ega. Interaktiv ma‘lumotnomani komandalar rejimida bir qator komandalar yordamida chaqirish mumkin. Bunday komandalardan biri quyidagicha:
» help

Ushbu komanda operatorlar, funksiyalar va MATLAB tizimidagi boshqa ob‘ektlarning tavsifiga ega bo‗lgan m-fayllarni o‗z ichiga oluvchi papkalarning to‗liq ro‗yxatini chiqaradi. Kuyida bunday ro‗yxatning boshlang‗ich qismi MATLAB 6.0 tizimi uchun keltirilgan:

matlab\general	— General purpose commands.
matlab\ops	— Operators and special characters.
matlabUang	— Programming language constructs.
matlab\elmat	— Elementary matrices and matrix manipulation
matlab\elfun	— Elementary math functions.
matlab\specfun	— Specialized math functions.
matlab\matfun	— Matrix functions — numerical linear algebra.
matlab\datafun	— Data analysis and Fourier transforms.
matlab\audio	— Audio support.
matlab\polyfun	— Interpolation and polynomials.
matlablfunfun	— Function functions and ODE solvers.
matlab\sparfun	— Sparse matrices.
matlab\graph2d	— Two dimensional graphs.

Ishni bajarish tartibi - Aniq ob‘ekt bo‗yicha ma‘lumotnoma olish uchun quyidagi komandalardan foydalaniladi:
» help nom
yoki

» doc nom

bu yerda nom — ma‘lumotnomasi zarur bo‗lgan ob‘ektning nomi. Masalan, giperbolik sinus bo‗yicha ma‘lumotnoma olish uchun uning nomini komandalar satrida kiritamiz va Enter ni bosamiz:

» help sinh

SINH Hyperbolic sine.
SINH(X) is the hyperbolic sine of the elements of X. See also asinh.
Overloaded methods:
codistributed/sinh sym/sinh
Reference page in Help browser doc sinh

Yordam oynasida toliqroq ma‘lumot olish uchun doc nom komandasidan foydalaniladi (bunda ma‘lumot HTML formatda bo‗ladi).

» doc sinh sinh

Hyperbolic sine of argument in radians

Syntax
Y = sinh(X)

Description
The sinh function operates element-wise on arrays. The function‘s domains and ranges include complex values. All angles are in radians.
Y = sinh(X) returns the hyperbolic sine of the elements of X.

Examples
^Graph^the^hyperbolic^sine^function^over^the^domain^.

x = -5:0.01:5;
plot(x,sinh(x)), grid on

Definition
The hyperbolic sine can be defined as
Algorithm
sinh uses FDLIBM, which was developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business, by Kwok C. Ng, and others. For information about FDLIBM, see http://www.netlib.org.

See Also
sin, sind, asin, asinh, asind
MATLAB tizimining foydalanuvchilarini ko‗pchilik xollarda ob‘ektlarning ma‘lum guruxiga taalluqli funksiyalar, komandalar va boshqa tushunchalar qiziqtiradi. Ob‘ektlar guruxi uchun ma‘lumot olishni timefun ob‘ektlari misolida ko‗raylik:

» help timefun

Time and dates.

Current date and time.

Now — Current date and time as date number. Date — Current date as date string.

clock — Current date and time as date vector. Basic functions.
datenum — Serial date number.

datestr — String representation of date. datevec — Date components.

Date functions. calendar — Calendar.
weekday — Day of week. eomday — End of month.
datetick — Date formatted tick labels. Timing functions.
cputime — CPU time in seconds. tic. toe — Stop watch timer. etime — Elapsed time.
pause — Wait in seconds.

Ma‘lum ob‘ektlar guruxining tarkibi aniqlangandan keyin tanlangan ob‘ekt bo‗yicha batafsilroq ma‘lumot olish mumkin.

MATLAB m-funksiyalar ko‗p bo‗lganligi sababli ularni kalit so‗zlar yordamida izlash qulayroq. Buning uchun quyidagi komandalardan foydalanish mumkin:
lookfor Kalit suz yoki lookfor ‗Kalit suz‘
Birinchi holda sarlavxdlarida berilgan kalit so‗z uchraydigan hamma m-fayllar izlanadi va topilganlarining sarlavxalari ekranga chiqariladi. Bunda izlash jarayoni uzoq davom etishi va katta miqdordagi informatsiya ekranga chiqishi mumkin. Izlash zonasini kamaytirish uchun ikkinchi shakldagi lookfor komandasidan foydalaniladi. Misol uchun:
» lookfor ‗inverse sin‘

asin - Inverse sine, result in radians.
asind - Inverse sine, result in degrees. hdlinvsinc - HDL Inverse Sinc Filter
is2rc - Convert inverse sine parameters to reflection coefficients. rc2is - Convert reflection coefficients to inverse sine parameters.

Bu xolda ‗inverse sin‘ so‗zi, ya‘ni arksinus axtarildi. Ikki turdagi: odatdagi va simvol shakldagi arksinus (ASIN ) topildi.

Bajarilgan ish bo„yicha hisobot

Hisobotda quyidagilar keltiriladi:

amaliy mashg‗ulot ishining tartib raqami va nomi;
ishni bajarishdan maqsad:

MatLAB amaliy dasturini ishga tushurish tartibi;

MatLAB amaliy dasturida qidiruv tizimi va ishlov berish tartibi.

bajarilgan ish bo‗yicha xulosalar.

Nazorat savollari

Komandalar satridan interaktiv ma‘lumotnoma olish?

Aniq ob‘ekt bo‗yicha ma‘lumotnoma olish?

Ob‘ektlar guruxi uchun ma‘lumot olish?

Kalit so‗zlar buyicha ma‘lumotnoma olish?

3-Amaliy mashg„ulot.

Yüklə 2,18 Mb.

Dostları ilə paylaş:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... 16