Essential update: Prophylactic isoniazid reduces TB risk in children
Signs and symptoms
Diagnosis
Management
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Background
Historical background
Resurgence of TB
Drug-resistant TB
Global surveillance and treatment of TB
Approach to TB in the emergency department
Extrapulmonary involvement in TB
Cutaneous TB
Ocular TB
Patient education
Pathophysiology
TB lesions
Etiology
Transmission
Extrapulmonary spread
Risk factors
TB in children
Genetic factors
Epidemiology
Occurrence in the United States
International statistics
Race-related demographics
Sex-related demographics
Age-related demographics
Prognosis
Pediatric Tuberculosis
Overview of Tuberculosis
TB Risk Factors
Factors in acquiring TB infection
Factors in acquiring TB disease
Mechanism of TB Infection
Virulence factors and infective droplets
Seeding
Immune response
Disease progression
TB Incidence and Prevalence
Factors contributing to decline in US cases
ATS Staging Criteria of Pediatric TB
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
Overview of Pediatric TB Evaluation
Congenital TB
Asymptomatic infection
Evaluation of Pediatric Pulmonary TB
Endobronchial TB with lymphadenopathy
TB pleural effusion
Progressive primary TB
Reactivation TB
Evaluation of Pediatric Extrapulmonary TB
Lymphadenopathy
TB meningitis
Miliary TB
Bone or joint TB
Diagnostic Overview
Differentials
Tuberculin Skin Test
AAP guidelines for pediatric testing
Administration of TST
Interpretation of TST results
False-positive and false-negative results
Previous BCG vaccination
Specimen Collection for Analysis
Sputum specimens
Gastric aspirates
Bronchial secretions
Urine specimens
AFB Staining
Mycobacterium Cultures
Conventional growth techniques
Rapid growth techniques
Species Identification
Nucleic Acid Probes
Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests
Immunoassays
M tuberculosis Drug Susceptibility
Serology
Management Overview
Pharmacotherapy considerations
Adverse drug effects
Bed rest
Consultations
Treatment of Pulmonary TB
Treating Extrapulmonary TB
Managing TB With HIV Coinfection
Multidrug-Resistant TB
Categories of TB drug resistance
Risk factors for TB drug resistance
MDR TB management principles
Neonates With Household Contacts With TB
Mother with a positive TST result and no evidence of current disease
Mother has current disease but is noncontagious at delivery
Mother has current disease and is contagious at delivery
Mother with hematogenous spread
Surgical Management of TB
Complications of TB Disease
Outcomes of TB Disease
Patient Surveillance
Prevention of TB Disease
Patient education
Treatment of latent TB infection
Vaccination
Special Considerations
Tuberculosis Screening
Overview
Selecting Individuals to Screen
Selecting a Test
Tuberculin Skin Test
Technique
Interpretation
Interferon-gamma Release Assays
QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test
T-SPOT.TB Test
Follow-up
Primary Tuberculosis Imaging
Overview
Preferred examination
Mycobacteria
Limitations of techniques
Intervention
Radiography
Parenchymal consolidation in primary pulmonary tuberculosis
Lymphadenopathy in primary pulmonary tuberculosis
Airway involvement in primary pulmonary tuberculosis
Pleural involvement in primary pulmonary tuberculosis
Postprimary pulmonary tuberculosis
Parenchymal manifestations of postprimary pulmonary tuberculosis
Lymphadenopathy in postprimary pulmonary tuberculosis
Airway involvement in postprimary pulmonary tuberculosis
Pleural involvement in postprimary pulmonary tuberculosis
Degree of confidence
False positives/negatives
Computed Tomography
Primary pulmonary tuberculosis
Postprimary pulmonary tuberculosis
Airway involvement
Pleural involvement
Degree of confidence
Association Between Tuberculin Skin Test Result and Clinical Presentation of Tuberculosis Disease
Abstract
Background
Methods
Results
Distribution of TST Results
Table 1. Tuberculin skin test (TST) result and characteristics of selected culture-confirmed TB cases reported in the United States, 1993–2010 (N = 64,238)
TST Result and Clinical Category of Disease
Table 2. Multinomial associations between clinical presentation of disease and tuberculin skin test (TST) result stratified by HIV status and birthplace and adjusted for age and sex among selected culture confirmed TB cases reported in the United States, 1993–2010 (N = 64,238)
Table 2. Multinomial associations between clinical presentation of disease and tuberculin skin test (TST) result stratified by HIV status and birthplace and adjusted for age and sex among selected culture confirmed TB cases reported in the United States, 1993–2010 (N = 64,238)
Table 2. Multinomial associations between clinical presentation of disease and tuberculin skin test (TST) result stratified by HIV status and birthplace and adjusted for age and sex among selected culture confirmed TB cases reported in the United States, 1993–2010 (N = 64,238)
Table 2. Multinomial associations between clinical presentation of disease and tuberculin skin test (TST) result stratified by HIV status and birthplace and adjusted for age and sex among selected culture confirmed TB cases reported in the United States, 1993–2010 (N = 64,238)
TST Result and Sputum Smear Positivity
Table 3. Association between TST result and sputum smear result for AFB among persons with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB, stratified by HIV status and birthplace and adjusted for age and sex (N = 46,680)
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Miliary Tuberculosis
Overview of Miliary Tuberculosis
Pathophysiology of Miliary TB
Etiology of Miliary TB
Epidemiology of Miliary TB
Clinical Manifestations of Miliary TB
Differential Diagnosis of Miliary TB
Laboratory Studies for Miliary TB
Chemistry
Complete blood count
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Cultures for mycobacteria
Coagulation studies
Tuberculin skin test
Nucleic acid probes
Imaging Studies for Miliary TB
Chest radiography
Chest CT scanning
Ultrasonography
Head CT scanning with contrast and/or MRI of the brain
