Development Aspects Impressum Editors

9.758

5.182

11.600
14,000



9.707

9.887
12,000



7.876

8.206

8.276

6.345

7.014

7.401
10,000



5.702

4.699

5.605
8,000



3.661

3.932

3.010

5.067
6,000


4,000


2,000


0,000
 Foodgrain  Oilseed  Cotton
Source: Agriculture and Cooperation Department, 2011 ^*Note: Data for 2011–12 is provisional
Figure 4: Area and production of total fruits and vegetables in Gujarat by area and production (Area in million ha, production in million tonnes)
1.6


1.4



million ha / million MT
1.2


1


0.8


0.6


0.4


0.2

0
1996–
1997


1997–
1998


1998–
1999


1999–
2000


2000–
2001


2001–
2002


2002–
2003


2003–
2004


2004–
2005


2005–
2006


2006–
2007


2007–
2008

 Area (million ha)  Production (million MT)


Source: Directorate of Horticulture, 2011
Figure 5: Growth in agricultural income (Millions Rs)

90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0


2004–2005


2005–2006


2006–2007 2007–2008


2008–2009


2009–2010


2010–2011^*

 Corrent Price  Constant Price
Source: Agriculture and Cooperation Department, 2011 ^*Note: Data for 2010–11 proposed

I. Conclusion

The most important lesson that emerges from the foregoing discussion is that tech- nological initiatives to improve the drinking and irrigation water supply have to be complemented by grass-roots participation in management of water distribution. The decentralized, community-managed water supply programme in Gujarat has proved to be an exemplary model for the entire country. Another very significant fact is the balanced importance given to both micro water harvesting and large water resources development projects which has led to unprecedented agricultural growth in the State. Increased availability of water and reduction in consumption of conventional power has also led to a reduction in the carbon footprint of water supply and has promoted further development of a low carbon economy in the State.

References

Gujarat, Directorate of Economics and Statistics (2007). Irrigation in Gujarat.
Gandhinagar, India.


Gujarat, Directorate of Economics and Statistics (2011). Socio-Economic Review
2010–2011: Gujarat State. Budget Publication No. 34. Gandhinagar, India.


Gulati, A., Shah, T. and G. Shreedhar (2009). Agriculture Performance in Guja- rat Since 2000. New Delhi, India: International Water Management Institute and International Food Research Institute.
Gupta, R. K. (2003). Dams and water development for poverty reduction. In Wa- ter Development and Pov erty Reduction, Olcay Ünver, Í.H., R. K. Gupta, and Kibaroglu A., eds., Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 199–226.
Gupta, R. K. (2004). Water governance in Gujarat State, India. International Jour- nal of Water Resources Development, vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 131–147.
Modi, N. (2010). Convenient Action: Gujarat’s Response to Challenges of Climate Change. India: Macmillan Publishers India.

128

Chapter 9:

Eco-Tanks for Asian Cities: Lessons learned in sustainable transfer of green technologies for localized capacity-building

Sara Castro and Nicolas Plouviez

United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), Geneva, Switzer- land

Abstract

In recognition of the urgent need for greater awareness and action on sanitation, the United Nations General Assembly declared 2008 as the International Year of Sanitation. ^[1] In accordance with the declaration, in 2008, UNITAR began formu- lating a pilot project to research how an enabling environment is practically cre- ated for the transfer of greener technologies, in this case focusing on improving local wastewater management and sanitation through decentralized wastewater treatment. The UNITAR project took place in partnership with CITYNET and other stakeholders from 2008 to 2011 with the objective of researching the sustain- able transfer of Ecological technologies for wastewater treatment or ecological sanitation (Eco-San) to three different communities in Sri Lanka, Indonesia and the Philippines.

The project showed that once Eco-Tank technology was transferred success- fully, local governments, such as San Fernando, manifested their willingness to replicate the project and procure Eco-Tanks for other city locations. As the pro- cess for procuring, installing and maintaining Eco-Tanks or similar technologies becomes more commonplace for these and neighboring cities, the possibility of acquiring new and innovative green technologies will ensure developing country cities can make informed and concrete steps towards becoming greener cities. The case study herein outlines the project’s findings and lessons learned in working with local governments for green technology transfer.

1. 
   International Year of Sanitation, 2008. Online at: http;//esa.un.org/iys/
   

A. Introduction 130