(
sing. Ṣaḥābī
)
: Companion of the Prophet.
Ṣalāh
: Muslim prayer conducted five times a day. One of the five pillars of
Islam.
Ṣallā Allāh ʿalayhi wa-sallam
: The prayer recited after the mention of the
Prophet’s name, meaning “may God’s peace and blessings be upon him”.
Sayyi’āt
: Bad deeds or sins.
Shahīd
(
pl. Shuhadā’
)
: A Muslim martyr.
Sharʿī
: Pertaining to the Shariah
Shariah
: The Islamic legal tradition that is seen as encapsulated in the scholarly
discipline of fiqh.
Shayṭān
(
pl. Shayāṭīn
)
: Devil.
Sīrah
: The biography of the Prophet Muhammad.
Shirk
: Associating partner’s with God.
Shukr
: Gratitude or thankfulness.
Subḥān Allāh
: Glory be to God.
Sunnah
: literally means “way”, “path”, or “norm”. In a more technical sense, it
refers to the practice of the Prophet. It can also refer to supererogatory
practices, such as extra prayers prayed in addition to the obligatory ones.
Surah
: A chapter from the Qur’an.
Taqwā:
Piety, God-consciousness, or fear of God.
Tawakkul
: Referring to the concept of reliance on God.
Tawḥīd
: The doctrine of the oneness of God.
Tijārah
: Trade or business.
Umar
: The name of the second Caliph of Islam, Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb.
Ummah
: The global Muslim population understood as a single community of
believers.
Umrah
: The non-mandatory lesser pilgrimage performed in the Haram of
Makkah.
Ustādh
: Teacher.
Wa-ʿalaykum al-salām
: Response to the Islamic greeting, al-salāmu ʿalaykum,
the translation of which is “and upon you be peace”.
Walā’ and barā’
: “Loyalty and disavowal”, namely the notion that one’s Islamic
commitments necessitate loyalty to certain values, and a rejection of others.
Walī (sing. awliyā’):
Referring to the male guardian of a woman, often in the
context of marriage, who is typically her father.
Wal-Lāhi
: An expression for swearing by God.
Wilāyah
: “Guardianship”, usually in the context of marriage.
Yawm al-Qiyāmah
: The Day of Resurrection.
Yūnus
: The Qur’anic Prophet known as Jonah.
Zakat
: An obligatory payment of 2.5% made by those who can afford it on an
annual basis under Islamic law. This is one of the five pillars of Islam.
Zakariyyā
: The Qur’anic prophet known in English as Zechariah.
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