Psychology 32, 906–14; Fromkin, H. L., J. C. Olson, R. L. Dipboye, and
D. Barnaby (1971), “A Commodity Theory Analysis of Consumer
Preferences for Scarce Products,” Proceedings 79th Annual Convention
of the American Psychological Association, 1971, pp. 653–54.
Chicken McNuggets:
Thanks to Dave Balter for telling me about the McRib
locator.
For
background
details
on
the
story,
see
http://www.maxim.com/funny/the-cult-of-the-mcrib-0
and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McRib
.
as soon as you pay people:
For early (and extremely clever) research on
intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, see Lepper, Mark R., David Greene,
and Richard E. Nisbett (1973), “Undermining Children’s Intrinsic Interest
with Extrinsic Reward: A Test of the ‘Overjustification’ Hypothesis,”
Journal of Social and Personality Psychology 28, no. 1, 129–37. For a
more recent treatment, see Heyman, James, and Dan Ariely (2004),
“Effort for Payment: A Tale of Two Markets,” Psychological Science 15,
no. 11, 787–93.
2. Triggers
“Nobody talks about boring companies”:
Sernovitz, Andy (2006), Word of
Mouth Marketing: How Smart Companies Get People Talking (Chicago:
Kaplan Publishing).
People talk about Cheerios:
The finding that Honey Nut Cheerios get more
word of mouth than Walt Disney World comes from the BzzAgent
analysis we discuss in this chapter: Berger, Jonah, and Eric Schwartz
(2011), “What Drives Immediate and Ongoing Word-of-Mouth?” Journal
of Marketing, October, 869–80. The finding also comes from Twitter data
on the frequency with which these two brands are discussed.
sixteen word-of-mouth episodes:
Carl, Walter (2006), “What’s All the Buzz
About? Everyday Communication and the Relational Basis of Word-of-
Mouth and Buzz Marketing Practices,” Management Communication
Quarterly 19, 601–34.
American consumers mention specific brands:
Keller, Ed, and Barak Libai
(2009), “A Holistic Approach to the Measurement of WOM,”
presentation at ESOMAR Worldwide Media Measurement Conference,
Stockholm (May 4–6).
Dave gave my colleague Eric Schwartz:
This included information about
the product in each campaign and the number of BzzReports each
BzzAgent submitted. We were especially interested in the fact that we
could analyze the buzz generated by each product by agent. After all,
certain people might share more word of mouth than others: Chatty
Cathys talk more than Quiet Quentins. But by looking at how much
individual agents talked across different campaigns, we could identify
patterns. We could see whether an agent talked more about a coffee brand
than a new type of digital camera. And we could start to understand why
certain products got more word of mouth than others. Not just whether
people talked about certain product categories (such as food) more than
others (such as movies), but what really drives discussion in the first
place—the psychology of talk.
some thoughts are more top of mind:
Accessibility is a huge topic in
psychology; for some classic research on the topic, see Higgins, E. Tory,
and G. King (1981), “Accessibility of Social Constructs: Information-
processing Consequences of Individual and Contextual Variability,” in
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