first talk described the synthesis and screening of synthetic
libraries of small organic compounds, all related to a parent
molecule that is capable of inhibiting a specific class of
enzymes. The second talk described the generation and screen-
ing of mutant variants of a cytokine growth factor, in search of
a protein molecule that acts as an antagonist of the normal
hormone receptor. These two talks provided a direct contrast
between synthetic and genetic combinatorial techniques. The
diversity of the libraries and the methods of screening and
identifying useful compounds are quite different; however, a
number of unifying features are present in both projects
(summarized in Table 1):
(
i) Both projects generate and screen a huge number of
molecules that might bind to a specific macromolecule target
(an enzyme or receptor) with the goal of discovering novel
molecules that elicit a desired therapeutic effect in the organ-
ism.
(
ii) Both projects are designed to generate a drug lead
through combinatorial diversification of an initial molecule.
An important issue addressed by both investigators is whether
to bias the design of the library toward a specific ‘‘privileged’’
structure or conduct a more random combinatorial synthesis.
(
iii) Both projects describe a library in which the
theoretical
diversity (defined by the number of synthetically available sites
and the number of building blocks to be selected from at each
site) is much greater than the
actual diversity of the library
attained during screening. In both cases, a successful screen is
conducted for useful molecules, indicating that sparse sam-
pling of all possible variants using combinatorial screening is
an effective strategy.
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