Prognosis
There is no guarantee of restoration of function after treatment, so if the diagnosis is delayed this has an adverse impact on outcome. In general those with a rapid onset and paraplegia do badly and those with a paraparesis do better. Treatment should be considered in all cases for pain control purposes, even if function has already been lost. Remember pressure area care.
Caused by tumour in the mediastinum preventing venous drainage from the head, arms and upper trunk. Usually occurs over weeks or months, allowing for collateral circulation to develop. Occasionally occurs acutely, when urgent treatment is needed to control symptoms and prevent death. Most commonly seen in patients with lung cancer particularly small cell lung cancer, lymphoma and those with large lung metastases, such as those seen in breast cancer and renal cell cancer. Patients with central intravenous lines are also at risk due to clot formation.
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