274
M. Khalid et al. Enhancing creativity and problem solving skills through creative problem...
cal occupations (OECD, 2014a, p. 13). Because of the importance of problem solving, Pro-
gram for International Student Assessment (PISA), besides testing 15-year old students on
mathematics, science and reading, also focuses testing students on problem solving. In 2003,
students were given a series of paper-based exercises to test their problem solving skills. Then
in 2012, computer-based and the student’s interaction with the problem were introduced
(OECD, 2013, p. 120). In 2012, PISA defines CPS competency as:
“an individual’s capacity to engage in cognitive processing to understand and resolve
problem situations where a method of solution is not immediately obvious. It includes
the willingness to engage with such situations in order to achieve one’s potential as a
constructive and reflective citizen” (OECD, 2013, p. 122).
Hence, teaching mathematics through problem solving is a term used to describe the
method of teaching where the teaching of mathematics topics is focused through problem
solving contexts and enquiry-oriented environments. This method of teaching is demon-
strated by the teacher,
“helping students to construct a deep understanding of mathematical ideas and pro-
cesses by engaging them in doing mathematics: creating, conjecturing, exploring,
testing, and verifying” (Lester et al., 1994, p. 154).
Dostları ilə paylaş: