E Agha bs, Tehan C, Perno J. Torticollis: Not always the usual suspects. Pediatr Emerg Care 2011;27: 32-33

REFERENCES

e-1. Abram HS, DeLaHunt MJ, Merinbaum DJ, Hammond DN. Recurrent spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in a child: First case report. Pediatr Neurol 2007;36:177-180.

e-2. Adamson DC, Bulsara K, Bronec PR. Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma: Case report and literature review. Surg Neurol 2004;62:156-9; discussion 159-60.

e-3. Agha BS, Tehan C, Perno J. Torticollis: Not always the usual suspects. Pediatr Emerg Care 2011;27:32-33.

e-4. AINSLIE JP. Paraplegia due to spontaneous extradural or subdural haemorrhage. Br J Surg 1958;45:565-567.

e-5. Aitken EM, Lock BA, Sharr MM. Spontaneous cervical epidural haematoma. Int J Clin Pract 1997;51:478-479.

e-6. Aksay E, Kiyan S, Yuruktumen A, Kitis O. A rare diagnosis in emergency department: Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. Am J Emerg Med 2008;26:835.e3-835.e5.

e-7. Akutsu H, Sugita K, Sonobe M, Matsumura A. A case of nontraumatic spinal epidural hematoma caused by extradural varix: Consideration of etiology. Spine J 2003;3:534-538.

e-8. Alcocer Navarrete C, Tellez Ramirez MA. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. A case report. Acta Ortop Mex 2008;22:325-328.

e-9. ALDERMAN DB. Extradural spinal-cord hematoma; report of a case due to dicumarol and review of the literature. N Engl J Med 1956;255:839-842.

e-10. Alexiadou-Rudolf C, Ernestus RI, Nanassis K, Lanfermann H, Klug N. Acute nontraumatic spinal epidural hematomas. an important differential diagnosis in spinal emergencies. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1998;23:1810-1813.

e-11. Allison EJ,Jr, McKinney TJ, Langenberg JN. Spinal epidural haematoma as a result of warfarin/fluconazole drug interaction. Eur J Emerg Med 2002;9:175-177.

e-12. Ananthababu PS, Anbuselvam M, Radhakrishnan MK. Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma: Report of two cases and review of the literature. J Clin Neurosci 2005;12:90-92.

e-13. Anwar F, Al Khayer A, Weir AM. Paraplegia in a patient on warfarin treatment. J Pak Med Assoc 2010;60:391-393.

e-14. Aoki Y, Yamagata M, Shimizu K, Ikeda Y, Nakajima F, Ohtori S, Takahashi K. An unusually rapid spontaneous recovery in a patient with spinal epidural hematoma. J Emerg Med 2012;43:e75-9.

e-15. ARING CD. Neurological clinical pathological conference of the cincinnati general hospital. Dis Nerv Syst 1952;13:247-254.

e-16. Arlecchini S, Boriani S. Acute spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma. Ital J Orthop Traumatol 1981;7:245-250.

e-17. Arriada-Mendicoa N, Ramos-Peek M. Holospinal epidural haematoma following heart surgery. Rev Neurol 2003;36:530-533.

e-18. Avrahami E, Tadmor R, Ram Z, Feibel M, Itzhak Y. MR demonstration of spontaneous acute epidural hematoma of the thoracic spine. Neuroradiology 1989;31:89-92.

e-19. Awada A, Russell N, al Fayez N, Naufal R, al Kohlani H. Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma: Case report. Spinal Cord 1998;36:71-72.

e-20. Azumagawa K, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K, Sakanaka H, Teraura H, Takahashi K, Tamai H. Non-operative treated spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in a 12-year-old boy. Pediatr Emerg Care 2012;28:167-169.

e-21. Baba Y, Tsuboi Y, Fujino Y, Takahashi M, Yamada T. Extended spontaneous spinal epidural anterior hematoma over multiple spinal segments. A case report. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2000;40:566-570.

e-22. Badar F, Kirmani S, Rashid M, Azfar SF, Yasmeen S, Ullah E. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma during pregnancy: A rare obstetric emergency. Emerg Radiol 2011;18:433-436.

e-23. Baek BS, Hur JW, Kwon KY, Lee HK. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2008;44:40-42.

e-24. Bailey KC, Sochor MR, Wintermark M, Huff JS. Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma mimicking stroke. J Neuroradiol 2012;39:132-134.

e-25. Bain W. A case of haematorrachis. Br Med J 1897;2:455.

e-26. Balkan C, Kavakli K, Karapinar D. Spinal epidural haematoma in a patient with haemophilia B. Haemophilia 2006;12:437-440.

e-27. Banerjee R, Stanley J, Palumbo M. Spinal epidural hematoma induced by leukemia. Orthopedics 2004;27:864-866.

e-28. Banerjee T, Meagher JN. Spontaneous spinal epidural hemorrhage. South Med J 1974;67:858-861.

e-29. Baron EM, Burke JA, Akhtar N, Young WF. Spinal epidural hematoma associated with tissue plasminogen activator treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 1999;48:390-396.

e-30. Beatty RM, Winston KR. Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma. A consideration of etiology. J Neurosurg 1984;61:143-148.

e-31. Belinchon JM, Campos J, Merino J, Gallego JM, Barcia YC. Chronic spontaneous lumbar epidural hematoma. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2005;16:533-536.

e-32. Bidzinski J. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma during pregnancy. case report. J Neurosurg 1966;24:1017.

e-33. Binnert D, Thierry A, Michiels R, Soichot P, Perrin M. Presentation of a new case of spontaneous spinal extradural hematoma observed during labor. J Med Lyon 1971;52:1307-1309.

e-34. Bisson EF, Dumont T, Tranmer B. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in a child with hemophilia B. Can J Neurol Sci 2007;34:488-490.

e-35. Blount J, Doughty K, Tubbs RS, et al. In utero spontaneous cervical thoracic epidural hematoma imitating spinal cord birth injury. Pediatr Neurosurg 2004;40:23-27.

e-36. Bollar Zabala A, Gelabert Gonzalez M, Garcia Allut A, Martinez Rumbo R. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma diagnosed by MRI. case report. J Neurosurg Sci 1988;32:153-155.

e-37. Bollati A, Massarotti M. Spinal epidural hematoma. G Psichiatr Neuropatol 1970;98:493-504.

e-38. Borges G, Bonilha L, Maldaum MV, Menezes JR, Zanardi V. Acute cervical epidural hematoma: Case report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2000;58:726-730.

e-39. Borm W, Mohr K, Hassepass U, Richter HP, Kast E. Spinal hematoma unrelated to previous surgery: Analysis of 15 consecutive cases treated in a single institution within a 10-year period. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2004;29:E555-61.

e-40. Bose S, Ali Z, Rath GP, Prabhakar H. Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma: A rare cause of quadriplegia in the post-partum period. Br J Anaesth 2007;99:855-857.

e-41. Boucetta M, Atmani M, Beddouch M. Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma (etiologic considerations). Maroc Med 1984;6:339-343.

e-42. Boukobza M, Guichard JP, Boissonet M, George B, Reizine D, Gelbert F, Merland JJ. Spinal epidural haematoma: Report of 11 cases and review of the literature. Neuroradiology 1994;36:456-459.

e-43. Boyd HR, Pear BL. Chronic spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. report of two cases. J Neurosurg 1972;36:239-242.

e-44. Braun KP, de Nie J, DeKoninck GM, Kamphuis DJ, Groen RJ. Clinical thinking and decision making in practice. A nurse with acute pain between shoulder blades. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1999;143:2454-2460.

e-45. Brown T, Purves E, Sargent M, Wu J. Clinical application of spinal ultrasound in screening for spinal haematoma in haemophilia A infants. Haemophilia 2011;17:318-320.

e-46. Brunori A, Scarano P, Simonetti G, Delitala A, Chiappetta F. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas: Is the role of dural arteriovenous malformations underestimated? Eur Spine J 1996;5:264-267.

e-47. Buhl R, Kretschmer H. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma: Good outcome after delayed treatment. Zentralbl Neurochir 1998;59:109-112.

e-48. Busse O, Hamer J, Paal G, Piotrowski W. Spontaneous epidural spinal hematoma during and following anticoagulant medication. Nervenarzt 1972;43:318-322.

e-49. Cai HX, Liu C, Zhang JF, Wan SL, Uchida K, Fan SW. Spontaneous epidural hematoma of thoracic spine presenting as brown-sequard syndrome: Report of a case with review of the literature. J Spinal Cord Med 2011;34:432-436.

e-50. Cakir E, Karaarslan G, Usul H, et al. Clinical course of spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma mimicking guillain-barre syndrome in a child: A case report and literature review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2004;46:838-842.

e-51. Caldarelli M, Di Rocco C, La Marca F. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in toddlers: Description of two cases and review of the literature. Surg Neurol 1994;41:325-329.

e-52. Caldemeyer KS, Mocharla R, Moran CC, Smith RR. Gadolinium enhancement in the center of a spinal epidural hematoma in a hemophiliac. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1993;17:321-323.

e-53. Calliauw L, Dhara M, Martens F, Vannerem L. Spinal epidural hematoma without lesion of the spine. report of 4 cases. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1988;90:131-136.

e-54. Cancina JE, Cross JN. Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma. West Indian Med J 1983;32:187-190.

e-55. Canete-Prette MA, Martinez-Galdamez M, Alcazar A, Vinas D, Aranda MA. Spontaneous epidural haematoma, an infrequent cause of cervicodorsal pain. Rev Neurol 2012;54:382-383.

e-56. CARREA R, GIRADO M, EURNEKIAN A. Chronic epidural and subdural spinal hematoma; review and three case reports. Medicina (B Aires) 1954;14:379-397.

e-57. Carroll KL. The epidural effect on myelography: Some unusual causes. Henry Ford Hosp Med 1981;29:87-92.

e-58. Carroll SG, Malhotra R, Eustace D, Sharr M, Morcos S. Spontaneous spinal extradural hematoma during pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Med 1997;6:218-219.

e-59. Casado I, Corcho F, Porras LF. Spontaneous epidural spinal hematoma. Neurologia 1998;13:400.

e-60. Case AS, Ramsey PS. Spontaneous epidural hematoma of the spine in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;193:875-877.

e-61. CECOTTO C, RUBERTI R, BENEDETTI A. Acute paraplegia caused by spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. Riv Anat Patol Oncol 1961;19:351-357.

e-62. Chan DT, Boet R, Poon WS, Yap F, Chan YL. Spinal shock in spontaneous cervical spinal epidural haematoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2004;146:1161-2; discussion 1162-3.

e-63. Chan KC, Wu DJ, Ueng KC, et al. Spinal epidural hematoma following tissue plasminogen activator and heparinization for acute myocardial infarction. Jpn Heart J 2002;43:417-421.

e-64. Chang CW, Lin LH, Liao HT, Hung KL, Hwan JS. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in a 5-year-old girl. Acta Paediatr Taiwan 2002;43:345-347.

e-65. Chang FC, Lirng JF, Chen SS, Luo CB, Guo WY, Teng MM, Chang CY. Contrast enhancement patterns of acute spinal epidural hematomas: A report of two cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003;24:366-369.

e-66. Chang FC, Lirng JF, Luo CB, Yen YS, Guo WY, Teng MM, Chang CY. Evaluation of clinical and MR findings for the prognosis of spinal epidural haematomas. Clin Radiol 2005;60:762-770.

e-67. Chang MO, Koh ES, Kim MJ, Chang YS, Chung S. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. QJM 2012;105:705-706.

e-68. CHAVANY JA, TAPTAS JN, PECKER J. An exceptional variety of hematorachis, spontaneous epidural hematoma. Presse Med 1949;57:869-871.

e-69. Chen CJ, Fang W, Chen CM, Wan YL. Spontaneous spinal epidural haematomas with repeated remission and relapse. Neuroradiology 1997;39:737-740.

e-70. Chen CJ, Hsu WC. Imaging findings of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. J Formos Med Assoc 1997;96:283-287.

e-71. Chen CJ, Ro LS. Central gadolinium enhancement of an acute spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma. Neuroradiology 1996;38 Suppl 1:S114-6.

e-72. Chen HH, Hung CC. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma: Report of seven cases. J Formos Med Assoc 1992;91:214-218.

e-73. Cho YW, Moon JG. Acute nontraumatic spinal epidural hematoma at cervical spine. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2003;34:268-270.

e-74. Chou DY, Chung GS, Yang DY. Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma presented with brown-sequard syndrome: A case report. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1988;4:58-62.

e-75. Chretiennot-Bara C, Guet A, Balzamo E, et al. Epidural hematoma in a child with hemophilia: Diagnostic difficulties. Arch Pediatr 2001;8:828-833.

e-76. Cirak B, Guven MB, Akalan N. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80:125.

e-77. Clark MA, Paradis NA. Spinal epidural hematoma complicating thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator--a case report. J Emerg Med 2002;23:247-251.

e-78. Cohen JE, Ginsberg HJ, Emery D, Schwartz ML. Fatal spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma following thrombolysis for myocardial infarction. Surg Neurol 1998;49:520-2; discussion 523.

e-79. Colsy M, Argote C, Raimbault M, Touchard P. Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma causing rapid flaccid paraplegia in a healthy 25-year-old patient. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2007;26:608-611.

e-80. Combelles G, Blond S, Lesoin F, Bousquet C, Rousseaux M, Christiaens JL. Extradural spinal hematoma without traumatic bone lesion. apropos of 9 cases. Neurochirurgie 1983;29:417-422.

e-81. Consolo D, Vadala AA, Rollin P, Merle B, Girard C. Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma during pregnancy. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2007;26:455-458.

e-82. Cooper DW. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. case report. J Neurosurg 1967;26:343-345.

e-83. Correa AV, Beasley BA. Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma with complete recovery. Surg Neurol 1978;10:227-228.

e-84. Costabile G, Husag L, Probst C. Spinal epidural hematoma. Surg Neurol 1984;21:489-492.

e-85. Crisi G, Sorgato P, Colombo A, Scarpa M, Falasca A, Angiari P. Gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging in the diagnosis of spinal epidural haematoma. report of a case. Neuroradiology 1990;32:64-66.

e-86. Cromwell LD, Kerber C, Ferry PC. Spinal cord compression and hematoma: An unusual complication in a hemophiliac infant. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1977;128:847-849.

e-87. CUBE HM. Spinal extradural hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1962;19:171-172.

e-88. Cultrera F, Passanisi M, Giliberto O, Giuffrida M, Mancuso P, Ventura F. Spinal epidural hematoma following coronary thrombolysis. A case report. J Neurosurg Sci 2004;48:43-47.

e-89. Cuvelier GD, Davis JH, Purves EC, Wu JK. Torticollis as a sign of cervico-thoracic epidural haematoma in an infant with severe haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2006;12:683-686.

e-90. Cywinski JB, Parker BM, Lozada LJ. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in a pregnant patient. J Clin Anesth 2004;16:371-375.

e-91. Daentzer D, Boker DK. Spontaneous spinal hemorrhage. outcome after surgical therapy of epidural hematomas. Nervenarzt 2000;71:116-122.

e-92. Dalager T, Andersen BB, Mathiesen FK. Spinal epidural hematoma as a complication of anticoagulant therapy. Ugeskr Laeger 1987;149:1071-1072.

e-93. Das T, Kundu AK, Ghosh S, Maity A, Roy N. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. J Assoc Physicians India 2012;60:54.

e-94. Dauch WA. Spinal epidural hematoma in children and adolescents. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 1986;29:83-89.

e-95. Davies KG, Weeks RD. Acute spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma with temporary resolution. Br J Neurosurg 1992;6:63-66.

e-96. de Almeida GM, Bianco E, Shibata MK. Encapsulated spinal epidural hematoma in an octogenarian. Surg Neurol 1989;32:394-395.

e-97. Defesche HF, Broere G. Spinal hematoma. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1980;124:157-160.

e-98. Deger SM, Emmez H, Bahadirli K, et al. A spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in a hemodialysis patient: A rare entity. Intern Med 2009;48:2115-2118.

e-99. Delgadinho WM, Caberlin SR, Mazzali M, Oliveira MR, Morisco LC. Spontaneous spinal extradural hematoma. A rare complication during anticoagulant therapy. Arq Bras Cardiol 1994;62:113-114.

e-100. Delmas M, Senegas J, Longy M, Le Bras M, Moretti G. Extra-dural spinal hematoma and atypical lumbo-sciatica. Nouv Presse Med 1980;9:1172.

e-101. Demierre B, Unger PF, Bongioanni F. Sudden cervical pain: Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma. Am J Emerg Med 1991;9:54-56.

e-102. DePorto R, Ahn JH, Gianutsos JG. Paraplegia subsequent to administration of tissue plasminogen activator and intravenous heparin following myocardial infarction--a case report. J Spinal Cord Med 2000;23:150-152.

e-103. Devadiga KV, Gass HH. Chronic lumbar extradural haematoma simulating disc syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1973;36:255-259.

e-104. Di Grande A, Giustolisi V, Groppuso C, Amico S, Le Moli C. Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma: When magnetic resonance imaging is an unavoidable choice in an emergency department. Intern Emerg Med 2007;2:157-158.

e-105. Di Lorenzo N, Rizzo A, Fortuna A. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma: Pre-operative diagnosis by MRI. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1990;92:357-359.

e-106. Dimou J, Jithoo R, Bush S. A patient with delayed traumatic cervical spinal epidural haematoma presenting with hemiparesis. J Clin Neurosci 2010;17:404-405.

e-107. Dimou J, Jithoo R, Morokoff A. Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma in a geriatric patient on aspirin. J Clin Neurosci 2010;17:142-144.

e-108. Dinsmore AJ, Leonard RB, Manthey D. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma: A case report. J Emerg Med 2005;28:423-426.

e-109. Doblar DD, Schumacher SD. Spontaneous acute thoracic epidural hematoma causing paraplegia in a patient with severe preeclampsia in early labor. Int J Obstet Anesth 2005;14:256-260.

e-110. Doymaz S, Schneider J. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in a teenage boy with cholestasis: A case report. Pediatr Emerg Care 2013;29:227-229.

e-111. Endo H, Takahashi T, Shimizu H, Tominaga T. Thoracic intradural arachnoid cyst associated with surgical removal of epidural hematoma--case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2004;44:607-610.

e-112. Endo T, Suzuki S, Inoue T, Utsunomiya A, Uenohara H, Tominaga T. Prediction of neurological recovery in spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma using apparent diffusion coefficient values. Spinal Cord 2014.

e-113. Enomoto T, Maki Y, Nakagawa K, Nose T. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma--report of a case (author's transl). No Shinkei Geka 1980;8:875-880.

e-114. Estaitieh N, Alam S, Sawaya R. Atypical presentations of spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2014;122:135-136.

e-115. Falavigna A, Righesso O, Teles AR, Hoesker T. Spontaneous idiopathic spinal epidural hematoma: Two different presentations of the same disease. Coluna/Columna 2010;9:338-342.

e-116. Farias JP, Lima JA, Antunes JL. Subacute cervical epidural hematomas. Surg Neurol 1994;42:414-416.

e-117. Felber S, Langmaier J, Judmaier W, Dessl A, Ortler M, Birbamer G, Piepgras U. Magnetic resonance tomography in epidural and subdural spinal hematoma. Radiologe 1994;34:656-661.

e-118. Ferrante A, Pedi C, Centamore G, et al. A rare complication of thrombolytic therapy: Spinal epidural hematoma. A case report. Ital Heart J Suppl 2003;4:688-690.

e-119. Ferreira RO, Rocha FJ, de Araujo Barros J, Fonseca AV, de Paiva PR. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. report of 2 cases. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1980;38:313-316.

e-120. Ferry P, Reisner C, Ashpole R. A case of spontaneous cervical extradural haematoma. Hosp Med 2001;62:436-437.

e-121. Finsterer J, Seywald S, Stollberger C, Krugluger W, Tscherney R, Ulram A, Kleinpeter G. Recovery from acute paraplegia due to spontaneous spinal, epidural hematoma under minimal-dose acetyl-salicylic acid. Neurol Sci 2008;29:271-273.

e-122. Fischbach R, Kollar WA. Spontaneous spinal epidural hemorrhage caused by anticoagulants. Wien Med Wochenschr 1972;122:275-276.

e-123. Flaschka G, Sutter B, Ebner F, Klein GE, Tilz G. Spinal epidural hematoma. long-term results of four cases. Nervenarzt 1990;61:629-633.

e-124. Fleager K, Lee A, Cheng I, Hou L, Ryu S, Boakye M. Massive spontaneous epidural hematoma in a high-level swimmer: A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2843-2846.

e-125. Fliedner E, Sartor K. An acute spontaneous epidural hematoma (author's transl). Nervenarzt 1977;48:603-607.

e-126. Fok WM, Sun LK, Wong NM, Lau PY, Cheung HM. Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma in a 15-month-old boy presenting with a wry neck: A case report. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2007;15:373-375.

e-127. Foo D, Rossier AB. Preoperative neurological status in predicting surgical outcome of spinal epidural hematomas. Surg Neurol 1981;15:389-401.

e-128. Forsnes E, Occhino A, Acosta R. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in pregnancy associated with using low molecular weight heparin. Obstet Gynecol 2009;113:532-533.

e-129. Fosselle E, vander Eecken H. Idiopathic spinal epidural haematoma. Lancet 1978;2:42.

e-130. Fountas KN, Kapsalaki EZ, Robinson JS. Cervical epidural hematoma in children: A rare clinical entity. case report and review of the literature. Neurosurg Focus 2006;20:E6.

e-131. Franscini L, Ballmer PE, Sturzenegger M, Beer JH, Tuncdogan E, Straub PW. Evaluation of back pain secondary to spinal epidural hematoma associated with aspirin intake and a partial platelet glycoprotein Ia/IIa deficiency. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:2769-2771.

e-132. Fujiwara H, Oki K, Momoshima S, Kuribayashi S. PROPELLER diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of acute spinal epidural hematoma. Acta Radiol 2005;46:539-542.

e-133. Fukui MB, Swarnkar AS, Williams RL. Acute spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:1365-1372.

e-134. Gaffney P, Guthrie JA. Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma: An unusual cause of neck pain. J Accid Emerg Med 2000;17:229-230.

e-135. Galzio RJ, Zenobii M, D'Ecclesia G. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma: Report of a case with complete recovery. Surg Neurol 1980;14:263-265.

e-136. Garcia Garcia ME, de Las Heras V, Kurtis Urra M, Vela Souto I. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. Neurologia 2008;23:59-61.

e-137. Garcia Lopez A, Perez Lara JM, Herrainz Hidalgo R, Puente Gonzalo E. Spinal epidural hematoma following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Orthopedics 1999;22:987-988.

e-138. GAUTHIER G. Spinal extradural hematoma without fracture of the spinal column. review of 56 verified cases. Psychiatr Neurol (Basel) 1963;146:149-175.

e-139. Gelabert M, Iglesias M, Gonzalez J, Fernandez J. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas: Review of 8 cases. Neurologia 2003;18:357-363.

e-140. Geronimo Pardo M, Jimenez Vizuete JM, Parras Padilla P. Spontaneous cervicothoracic epidural hematoma. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2007;54:323-324.

e-141. Ghanem Q, Ivan LP. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in an 8-year-old boy. Neurology 1978;28:829-832.

e-142. GIAGHEDDU M, NAPOLEONE F, PASOLINI F. Spinal extradural hematomas. bibliographic review and description of a new clinical case. Minerva Neurochir 1964;83:37-40.

e-143. Gill D, Ifthikharuddin S, Samkoff LM. Acute brown-sequard syndrome. Arch Neurol 2004;61:131.

e-144. Girard PL, Cournil C, Dumas M. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. Bull Soc Med Afr Noire Lang Fr 1975;20:256-265.

e-145. Goker B, Block JA. Spinal epidural hematoma complicating active systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42:577-578.

e-146. GOLD ME. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. Radiology 1963;80:823-828.

e-147. Gonzalez de la Aleja Tejera,J., Penas Prado M, Gonzalez Martinez V, Rodriguez Pena-Marin M. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. Neurologia 2003;18:285-286.

e-148. Gonzalez CM, Matheus G, Solander S, Castillo M. Transient edema of the spinal cord as a result of spontaneous acute epidural hematoma in the thoracic spine. Emerg Radiol 2004;11:53-55.

e-149. Gopalkrishnan CV, Dhakoji A, Nair S. Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma of idiopathic etiology: Case report and review of literature. J Spinal Cord Med 2012;35:113-117.

e-150. Goulon M, Nouailhat F, Julian H, Barois A, Gajdos P, Babinet P, Rapin M. Spontaneous cervical extradural hematoma, responsible for spinal hemiplegia. recovery after surgery. Bull Mem Soc Med Hop Paris 1967;118:969-979.

e-151. Groen RJ, van Alphen HA. Operative treatment of spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas: A study of the factors determining postoperative outcome. Neurosurgery 1996;39:494-508; discussion 508-9.

e-152. Grollmus J, Hoff J. Spontaneous spinal epidural haemorrhage: Good results after early treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1975;38:89-90.