Education of the republic of uzbekistan samarkand state institute of foreign languages

1. William Shakespeare: notable and meaningful creative works.

Shakespeare's creative works mainly consist of poems and dramatic plays. It may be taken another classification from a different point of view according to the period of his development at the time of writing special plays. Traditionally, his plays have been divided into three groups: comedies, histories and tragedies. In order to study his growth and changing ideas it will assist us to divide his work into four periods. Each period impacted on Shakespeare's works.

THE FIRST PERIOD. It includes 1590-1594. Most of his comedies and dramatic plays are belong to this phase. They all are written in his playful manner and in the brilliant poetry that conveys the spectator to Italy. This is really sanguine period. Because it shows exuberance of youthful love and imagination. " The Comedy of Errors " , " The Taming of the Shrew ", " The two Gentlemen of Verona ", the histories " Genrix VI " ( Part I, II, III ), " Richard III ", " King John " and tragedy " Titus Andronicus" were written in this period. They belong to different genres, but they have much in common. The plots of these plays follow their sources more mechanically than do the plots of Shakespeare's later works. Besides, theses plays generally emphasize events more than the portrayal of characters.

THE SECOND PERIOD. (1595-1600). Shakespeare brought historical drama and Elizabethan romantic comedy to near perfection. The comedies " Midsummer Night's Dream ", " Love's Labor's Lost ", " The Merchant of Venice ", " As You Like it ", " Twelfth Night ", " The Merry Wives of Windsor ", tragedies " Romeo and Juliet ", " Julius Caesar " and the histories " Richard II ", "Henry IV " (Part I and II), "Henry V" were written in this period and in them the great playwright demonstrated hues genius for weaving various dramatic actions into a unified plot, showed his gift for characterization.

THE THIRD PERIOD. ( 1601-1608). Shakespeare wrote his famous tragedies: " Hamlet ", " Trolius and Cressida ", " Othello ", " King Lear ", " Macbeth ", " Timon of Athens ", "Anthony and Cleopatra ", " Coriolanus " which made him truly immortal. Every play of this period except for "Pericles" shows Shakespeare's awareness of the tragic side of life. Even the two comedies of the period " All's Well That Ends Well " and " Measure for Measure " are more disturbing than amusing. That is why they are often called " problem " comedies or " bitter comedies ". "Pericles" represents Shakespeare's first romance - a drama, which is generally serious in tone but with a happy ending. Shakespeare's sonnets were written also in the third period of his literary career. The comedies by Shakespeare did not establish a lasting literary tradition in the theatre, as did those of Ben Jonson or Moliore in which the author portrayed the everyday life of their time and the characters were exaggerated almost into satirical case. Shakespeare's comedies are based on several principles: the scene is usually in some imaginary country , but in this fairy-tale setting we find the characters that are true to life and they are depicted with deep insight into human psychology for which Shakespeare is distinguished. In each comedy there is the main plot and one and one more subplots. The comic characters always have the English flavor, even if the scene is laid in some distant or imaginary place. All these plays are written in easy-flowing verse and light prose. The texts are full of jokes and funs. The comedies tell of love and harmony, at first distributed and finally restored. The histories, plays or chronicles are more closely related to Shakespeare's tragedies than comedies. They can be regarded as a profound and detailed upon the nature of monarchy. Shakespeare shows all types of autocratic rules in them.

Shakespeare's sonnets can not be considered absolutely autobiographical, we can see variations on themes traditional in Renaissance poetry in them; but they occupy a unique place in Shakespeare heritage, because they are lyrical pieces, the only things he has written about himself. In many of his views Shakespeare was far ahead of his time. He could not give concrete answers to the problems he put forth, but he was a truly great inquirer and his penetration to life gives us an opportunity to try and answer his questions better than he could have done it himself. Shakespeare's knowing drama from inside supported with reputation all over the world. Until 1603 he played roles in the stage, but there hadn't any information about his next life in the theatre. He could not have enough prestige because of acting the second role plays. Shakespeare impacted on contribution of theatre effectively. He wrote 4 epic poems, 37 plays and 154 sonnets in general. He could make an appropriate comic and tragic scene, heroes in every dramatic plays. "Romeo and Juliet"- lyric, "Hamlet"- intellectual, "Julius Ceasar"-political, "Othello"-passionate play. There are great ethical issues in the base of these famous plays.

THE FOURTH PERIOD. (1609-1613). During the final period writer wrote three famous comedies. " Cymbline ", " The Winter's Tale ", " Tempest " and the history Henry VIII (Some critics state that the history " Henry VIII " was written with John Fletcher). The last years of Shakespeare's career as a playwright are characterized by a considerable change in the style of drama. Beamount and Fletcher became the most popular dramatists of that time and the plays of Shakespeare written during the fourth period are modeled after their dramatic technique. All of them are written around a dramatic conflict but the tension in them is not so great as in the tragedies, all of them have happy endings. One of the main problems in the study of Shakespeare was that of the chronology of his plays. A famous Shakespearian scholar, S.Edmurd K Chambers , solved it in 1930. His chronological table is considered the most convincing one. The double dates in it indicate the theatrical season during which particular play was first performed.