Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies International Atomic Energy Agency United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs International Energy Agency Eurostat European Environment Agency


Agenda 21  Chapter 3: Combating poverty POLICY RELEVANCE



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Agenda 21 
Chapter 3: Combating poverty
POLICY RELEVANCE 
(a) Purpose: To monitor progress in accessibility and affordability of commercial 
energy services including electricity. 


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(b) Relevance to Sustainable Development: Commercial energy services are crucial 
to providing adequate food, shelter, water, sanitation, medical care, education and 
access to communication. Lack of access to modern energy services contributes to 
poverty and deprivation, and limits economic development. Furthermore, adequate, 
affordable and reliable energy services are necessary to guarantee sustainable 
economic and human development. 
It is estimated that 2 billion people, or about one-third of the world’s population, 
depend mainly on traditional biomass sources of energy; 1.7 billion are without 
electricity. About 300 million people have been connected to electricity grids or have 
been provided with modern biomass or other forms of commercial energy options 
since 1993. However, in the absence of adequate measures, the number of people with 
no access to commercial energy will remain stable or continue to grow as 
demographic growth outpaces electrification in some parts of the world. Therefore, a 
sustainable development goal is to increase the accessibility and affordability of 
energy services for the lower-income groups of the population in developing countries 
so as to alleviate poverty and promote social and economic development. 
(c) International Conventions and Agreements: None. 
(d) International Targets/Recommended Standards: The Johannesburg Plan of 
Implementation (JPOI) of the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in 
2002 includes the aim of improving access to reliable and affordable energy services. 

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