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Internal Fertilization 
Although some aquatic animals also use this technique, land animals use internal fertilization 
the majority of the time. After internal fertilization, offspring can be created in three different ways. 
In 
oviparity
, fertilized eggs are laid outside the parent’s body and develop there, receiving 
nourishment from the yolk that is a part of the egg. Most bony fish, numerous reptiles, some 
cartilaginous fish, most amphibians, two mammals, and all birds exhibit this. Eggs from reptiles and 
insects are leathery, whereas eggs from birds and turtles have a lot of calcium carbonate in the shell, 
making them hard. This second kind includes, as an example, chicken eggs. 
In 
ovoviviparity
, fertilized eggs are retained in the parent (usually the female), but the embryo 
obtains its nourishment from the egg’s yolk and the young are fully developed when they are hatched. 
This occurs in some bony fish (like the guppy 
Lebistes reticulatus
), some sharks, some lizards, some 
snakes (such as the garter snake 
Thamnophis sirtalis
), some vipers, and some invertebrate animals 
(like the Madagascar hissing cockroach 
Gromphadorhina portentosa
). 
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(credit: "OakleyOriginals"/Flickr)

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In 
viviparity
the young develop within the female, receiving nourishment from the parent’s blood 
through a placenta. The child grows inside the mother and is born alive. Most mammals, some 
cartilaginous fish, and a few reptiles exhibit this. 
The benefit of internal fertilization is that it prevents the fertilized egg from becoming dehydrated on 
land. The female's isolation of the embryo prevents the young from being preyed upon. The 
fertilization of eggs by a particular male is improved by internal fertilization. This method results in 
fewer offspring, but their survival rate is higher than it would be with external fertilization.