7
deposition rate of 2.5 Å/s. Backing pressure for the sputtering chamber was 10
-7
Torr while
the deposition pressure was around 6x10
-3
Torr. During deposition, substrates were kept at
200
o
C.
The fabrication of the heterojunction devices was completed by the thermal
evaporation of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) ohmic front and back contacts, respectively. A
perforated copper shadow mask patterned with 1 mm diameter dots was used for the
deposition of front contacts. A final annealing treatment at 180
C for 10 min was applied to
facilitate the formation of ohmic contacts. The average device area was about 4 cm
2
.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the fabricated Si nanowires and deposited CdTe
thin films were investigated by a Rigaku Miniflex diffractometer (Cu K
radiation,
0.154
nm). The conductivity type of the deposited CdTe thin films was ascertained by the hot point
probe method and p-type behaviour for the CdTe thin films was observed. Morphology of the
fabricated samples was investigated by a FEI Nova NanoSEM 430 model field emission
scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX)
analysis unit. The surface roughness of the deposited CdTe thin films was evaluated through
atomic force microscopy (AFM) (Vecoo MultiMode V). Optical properties of the CdTe thin
film samples have been analyzed using an optical setup consisting of an 8-inch integrating
sphere with 1-inch ports (Newport, Oriel, Model no: 70679NS), a monochromator (Newport,
Oriel, Model no: 74100), a UV-enhanced Si photodiode detector (Newport, Oriel, Model no:
70356) and a collimated beam from a 100 W halogen lamp. The samples were mounted at the
front side of the integrating sphere for transmittance measurements and at the back side of the
integrating sphere for reflectance measurements. The Raman spectroscopy was used to
monitor the structural properties of CdTe thin films in the backscattering geometry using an
Nd-YAG laser (532 nm) as an excitation source. The current - voltage (
I-V) and frequency
dependent capacitance (
C) - voltage (
V) characteristics of the fabricated heterojunction
8
devices were determined using a Keithley 2400 source meter and HP 4192A LF Impedance
Analyzer. Dark and illuminated
I-V and ON/OFF characteristics were measured. An AM 1.5
G (85 mW/cm
2
) solar simulator was used for illumination. The spectral photoresponsivitiy of
the devices was determined using an Oriel 74100 monochromator, a calibrated Si detector
and a 100 W halogen lamp. All device characterizations were conducted at room temperature.
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