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Open Acc Biostat BioinformReview on Parametric and Nonparametric M (2)
Open Acc Biostat Bioinform
Copyright ©
Erkie Asmare Beyene
2/7
How to cite this article:
Erkie A, Andualem B. Review on Parametric and Nonparametric Methods of Efficiency Analysis. Open Acc Biostat Bioinform
. 2(2).
OABB.000534. 2018. DOI:
10.31031/OABB.2018.02.000534
Volume 2 - Issue - 2
to the body of knowledge by reviewing different research papers
(published up to 2017) that focused on parametric and nonpara
-
metric methods of efficiency analysis. Therefore, the specific objec
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tives of this review paper were:
a.
To provide information on the concepts and types of para-
metric and nonparametric methods of efficiency analysis.
b.
To give insight on the methods of applying these two effi
-
ciency analysis methods.
c.
To review on the advantage and disadvantages of para-
metric and nonparametric methods of efficiency analysis.
Concepts of Efficiency Using Parametric and
Nonparametric Methods of Efficiency Analysis
Efficiency is defined as the ratio between outputs and inputs,
and we can describe it as a distance between the quantity of input
and output [9,10]. The term Economic Efficiency (EE), is an over
-
all efficiency consisting of both the Technical Efficiency (TE) and
Allocative Efficiency (AE) of individual firms. A firm is technically
efficient if it is able to obtain maximum output from a given set of
inputs(output-oriented measures) or is capable of using a minimal
input mix to produce the same level of output (input-oriented mea
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sures). A firm is a locative efficient if it employs factors of produc
-
tion up to the point where the marginal rate of technical substitu-
tion between any two of its inputs equals the ratio of corresponding
input prices [6].
Hence, majority of the efficiency studies have been motivated
by the desire to estimate the frontier production function and to
measure economic efficiency by using either parametric or non
-
parametric frontier methods [7]. Therefore, parametric methods
involving the stochastic frontier production function, whereas; the
nonparametric methods involving the data envelopment analysis
[2]. An econometric model is termed as “parametric” if all of its
parameters are in finite dimensional parameter spaces; a model is
“nonparametric” if all of its parameters are in infinite-dimensional
parameter spaces [11]. Methods of frontier analysis may be divided
into two groups: parametric (Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA),
Distribution-Free Approach (DFA), Thick Frontier Approach (TFA))
and non-parametric (Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Free Dis
-
posal Hull (FDH)) methods [7].
The nonparametric method is a method of using linear pro-
gramming to measure the relative efficiency of a number of deci
-
sion-making units through the identification of the optimal mix of
inputs and outputs which are grouped based on their actual perfor-
mance [12,13]. It is also a non-parametric method of measuring the
efficiency of a decision making unit with multiple inputs and out
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puts [12]. Therefore, DEA can be defined as the ratio of the weight
-
ed sum of outputs to its weighted sum of inputs (Equation vi). On
the other hand, SFA, DFA and TFA (Thick Frontier Approach) the
production function is defined by the set of explanatory variables
(inputs, outputs and other possible explanatory variables) and the
two components of this regression´s composite error term (the ran
-
dom error) and the inefficiency term (Equation 1-5).
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