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Various cutting, deforming and measuring tools are made from tool steels and
alloys. Various tools are used in mechanical engineering, and the quality of the tools
has a great impact on the quality of the manufactured product and labor productivity.
Tool steels must have high hardness and corrosion resistance. To achieve high
hardness, tool steels contain 0.7...1.2% carbon.
Tool steels are classified according to their application and properties.
According to Yu.G.Geller's proposal, tool steels are divided into non-heat-resistant,
heat-resistant and high-heat-resistant steels.
The heat resistance of steel is expressed by the temperature at which its hardness
decreases.
Non-heat-resistant steels begin to lose the hardness achieved during tempering
at 200-300
0
C, semi-resistant steels at 300-500
0
C and heat-resistant steels at 500-625
0
happens.
In addition, tool steels:
a) steels with high hardness and corrosion resistance;
b) is divided into steels with high viscosity.
Steels of the first (a) group contain 0.7...1.5% carbon, and steels of the second
(b) group contain 0.4...0.7% carbon.
Tool steels by application:
a) for cutting tools;
b) for cold deformation stamps;
c) divided into steels for hot deformation stamps;
g) divided into steels for measuring instruments.
Requirements for steels
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