0 ‘N TO‘QQIZINCHI BO‘LIM
U s h b u a q ln i ( o ‘n y e ttin c h i b o ‘lim s o ‘n g id a s o ‘z y u ritilg a n
a q l n a z a r d a t u t i l m o q d a ) A r a s t u t a d q i q e t a r e k a n , u n i
bilquvvatga h e c h h a m ega boM m agan, faoliy (ak tu al) ekanligini
a n iq la y d i va m u t l a q o b ilq u v v atg a ega b oM m agan n a rs a m o d d a
q a to rig a k irm a y d i, d e b tu sh u n tira d i. In so n aqli o ‘z in in g so'nggi
k a m o l a t i g a y e tis h g a n ta q d i r d a h a m fa q a t o ‘z i n i n g m o h iy a tila
faol aql m o h iy a tig a y a q in la s h a o la d i, xolos. A r a s tu in s o n o ' z
m o h i y a t i n i n g k a m o la tg a yetish ish i b o r a s id a s h u a q lg a ta q lid
e tis h in i va ta q lid usuli b o ‘y i c h a e n g s o ‘nggi h o la t va f o ’il
( t a ’sir e tu v c h i sa b a b ) e k a n lig in i o ‘zi u c h u n a n i q l a b oladi.
U s h b u aql z e h n n i n g asosidir, c h u n k i u fo’il va u n in g vositasida
in s o n o 'z i n i n g a q liy m o h iy a tig a e ris h a d i. U s h b u aql y a n a
m a q s a d h a m , c h u n k i u in s o n e n g s o 'n g g i h o la tg a ( k a m o la tg a )
erish ish ig a vosita boMuvchi a so sn i h ozirlaydi. I n s o n aqli u c h t a
xislatga ega aso sd ir. U f o ’il ( t a ’sir e t u v c h i s a b a b ) , u - m a q s a d
va u - faol aqlga y a q in b o l i s h g a in tilu v c h i b a r k a m o llik d ir .
I n s o n aqli s h a k l, m a q s a d va f o ’ili b ilan f a rq la n a d i. In s o n
z e h n ila q a n d a y d i r b ir o n faol a q lg a (aqli fa ’o l) y e tis h g a c h ,
u n g a t a l o m u s boMadi. S h u n a rs a m a ’lu m boMadiki, ta b ia ta n
in s o n m o h i y a t i d a m a v ju d boMgan n i m a d i r (n a r s a ) a q ln in g
o ‘zid ir. F a ’ol a q lg a y e tis h is h b o r a s i d a , in s o n o 'z i va u n in g
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A R A S T U F A L S A F A S I
( f a ’o l a q ln in g ) o 'r t a s i d a boM m aydi va s h u y o ‘s i n d a o d a m ru hi
(n a fs i i n s o n i y ) u s h b u aql egasi b o ‘ladi. I n s o n r u h i (nafsi
i n s o n i y ) s h u aq l u c h u n m a v j u d b o ‘l g a n i d a n , t a b i a t e s a -
o d a m n i n g ta b iiy m u s t a h k a m l i g i n i bilish u c h u n , r u h (nafs)
b o ‘lsa — b o r n a r s a l a r d a n e n g m u k a m m a l i n a z a r i y aq l u c h u n
m a v ju d e k a n , b u l a r n i n g h a m m a s i m a v j u d i y a t n i n g , h a y o t n i n g
m a ’l u m b i r d a ra ja s ig a k o ‘t a r ilis h d a in s o n g a x i z m a t qiladi.
B a ’z a n A r a s t u , a v v a l l a r i o lz i g a t u s h u n a r s i z b o ‘l g a n
m a s a la la r g a yoki i n k o r e t g a n k o ‘p n a r s a la r g a q a y ta d i.
S o ‘n g ra u faol a q ln i k o ‘rib c h i q a d i . B u aql ta b i a t va ru h
( n a fs ), ta b iiy va ru h iy m o h i y a t l a r m a v j u d i y a t i n i n g s a b a b im i,
y o ‘q m i d e g a n savolga j a v o b izlaydi. N a t i j a d a u , u n s u r l a r va
b o s h q a narsalarn i ng h a ra k a tig a (h a ra k tla n ish ig a ) m o y il etuvchi
a s o s la r d ir , d e g a n fikrni m a ' q u l d e b to p a d i. U , o ‘ziga s a m o v iy
j i s m la r n i h a m o lg a n m a v ju d n a rsa la rg a m a v ju d iy a t b a g ‘ishlash
j a r a y o n l a r i d a aql s a m o v iy jis m l a r g a i o n a t bo M ad im i, y o ‘q m i
d e g a n m a s a la n i k o 'r i b c h iq a d i. U l a r d a ( n a rs a la rg a m av ju d iy a t
b a g l s h l a s h j a r a y o n l a r i n a z a r d a t u t i l a y o t g a n d i r ) t a b ia t, ru h
va a q lg a e r is h is h u c h u n fazoviy jis m l a r g a k a m o l a t b a x s h e ta d i
v a u s h b u fa z o v iy j i s m l a r y e ta rli e m a s d e b t u s h u n t i r i l a d i ,
faol aql fazoviy jis m l a r y o r d a m i d a ta b ia t va ru h iy a tn i liarakatga
keltiradi. КхУр ru h iy m o h iy a tla r o ‘zlariga m u n o s i b m o d d a la rg a
e r i s h a d i l a r , b u m o d d a l a r e sa , a q ln i q a y t a y a r a t i s h u c h u n
u l a r d a m a v ju d b o 'l g a n t a b i a t n i ta y y o r la y d ila r , b u h o i x u d d i
o d a m o ‘z i d a n o ld in g i o d a m d a , u n isi e sa y a n a o ld in g is id a n
t u g ‘ilganiga o ‘xshaydi. H a y v o n o t va n a b o b o t d a h a m xud d i shu
t a r z d a r o ky b e ra d i. M a ’d a n l a r esa o ‘zlarig a o ‘x sh a s h x illa rd a n
p a y d o b o l m a y d i l a r .
S h u n g a
0
‘x s h a b , m a z k u r x iln in g s h a k lla n is h ig a io n a tlik
e t u v c h i n a r s a n i h a m te k s h irib ch iq ila d i. Q isq asi, xillarga shakl
b e r u v c h i n a r s a fazoviy j i s m l a r m i yoki faol a q l m i y o faol aql
fazoviy jis m l a r g a s h a k l b e rib , u la r o ‘z n a v b a tid a m o d d a l a r n i
h a r a k a t g a k e ltir a d im i? S h u n is i a n i q k i , fazoviy j i s m l a r tabiiy
jism larn i harak atg a keltiradi. S h u n in g u c h u n fazoviy jis m la m in g
j a v h a r l a r i n i h a m ta d q i q e tis h z a r u r a ti p a y d o b o ‘lad i. U l a r
t a b i a t m i , r u h m i yoki a q l m i , y o x u d b o s h q a b i r b a r k a m o l r o q
n a r s a m i ? U l a r n i n g t a d q i q o t i , f a q a t t a b i a t t a d q i q o t i g a
q a r a g a n d a u m u m i y r o q , k e n g r o q b o ‘l m o g ‘i d a r k o r . A ra s tu
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