A B U N A S R F O R O B IY
f i z i k a d a b u m a s a l a l a r n i t a d q i q e t a r e k a n , t a b i a t n i
t e k s h i r i s h d a g i e n g s o ‘nggi n u q t a — a q li f a o l va f a z o v i y
j i s m l a m i n g h a ra k a t m a n b a id ir , d e b t a ’kidlaydi. In so n ta ra fid a n
q o b iliy a tg a e r is h is h d a ru h l a m i n g k u c h va h a r a k a tla ri a m a liy
fikriy k u c h l a r b ilan b irg a lik d a n a z a riy aql k a m o l a t i u c h u n
x iz m a t q ila d ila r. F a q a t g i n a fitriy m a y l l a r va h i s - t u y g ‘u n in g
o 'z i , a m a l i y a q lg a t o b e boM mish niyat va h u r ir o d a b o 'y i c h a
m a v ju d b o 'l g a n h a r a k a t l a r (fa o liy a tla r) yetarli e m a s .
S h u m u n o s a b a t b ila n a m a l i y a q lg a t o b e ' boM mish n iy a t va
h u r i r o d a b o ' y i c h a m a v ju d b o 'l g a n h a r a k a t l a r n i o 'r g a n i s h
z a ru ra ti p a y d o b o 'la d i. In o sn iy niyat shularga taalluqli. Boshqa
tirik j o n z o t l a r d a g i n i m a g a d i r b o 'l g a n in tilish g a kelsak, u la r
in soniy n iy atg a a l o q a d o r e m a s l a r va n a z a riy k a m o la tg a erishish
ishida foydasizdir, c h u n k i u n g a erish ish d a inson va h a y v o n n in g
q o b iliy a tla ri b ir xilda e m a s .
S h u n i n g u c h u n , iro d av iy ( h u r iro d a ) va n iy at ila m a v ju d
boMmish b a r c h a fao liy a tla rn i ( h a r a k a tla r n i) o 'r g a n i s h z a ru ra ti
p a y d o b o 'la d i. E zgu i r o d a n i n g m o h iy a ti a m a liy aqlga m a n s u b
b o ' l g a n h u r i r o d a d i r . S h u s a b a b d a n u n i b o s h q a t i r i k
m a v j u d o t l a r d a g i , m a s a l a n , h a y v o n l a r d a g i “ e z g u i r o d a g a ”
o 'x s h a t i b boM m aydi. D e m a k , u s h b u h a r a k a t l a r n i bilish va
so 'n g g i m a q s a d d a n o lin a d ig a n sud (fo y d a) va z a r a r n in g farqini
bilib olish k e ra k boMadi. A r a s tu y a n a , b u h a r a k a t l a r d a n p a y d o
b o M u v c h i f o y d a l i t a b i i y n a r s a l a r n i h a m o ' r g a n a d i . U ,
h a y v o n l a r va o 's i m l i k l a r n i n g r u h iy m o h i y a t l a r i d a g i ta b iiy
asoslam i h a m к о ' rib ch iq ad i va in soniy k a m o la tg a olib boruvchi
h a r a k a t f a o l i y a t l a r n i n g m a j m u a s i u c h u n u l a r n i n g ( r u h i y
a s o s l a m i n g ) qaysi biri foydali e k an lig in i a n iq la s h z a r u r , deydi.
U , b o s h q a ta b iiy ( ta b ia tg a o id ) n a r s a la r n i h a m , y a ’ni to s h la r,
m a ’d a n l a r va u n s u r l a r n i tahlil e ta d i va u l a r d a n qaysi birlari
f o y d a l i e k a n l i g i n i a n i q l a y d i , u l a r d a g i t o s h , m a ' d a n ,
u n s u r la r d a g i m a v ju d iy a tg a fa z o v iy j i s m l a r s a b a b boMuvchi
h o la tla r n i k o 'r s a ta d i. U , h a y v o n l a r va o 's im lik la r g a n is b a ta n
h a m x u d d i s h u n d a y ta h lil o 't k a z a d i .
S h u n i n g u c h u n n a rs a la rn i n g h a m m a s i ni o 'r g a n i s h , ta b iiy
m o h i y a t l a r h a q i d a b a r k a m o l b ilim o lis h g a io n a t boM m og'i
z a r u r va u l a r h a q i d a f i z i k a v i y va f u q a r o v i y f a l s a f a d a n
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A R A S T U F A L S A F A S I
( f a l s a f a t u n m a d a n i y a t u n ) y e t a r l i c h a m a ’l u m b o M m a g a n
h o l a t l a r n i toMdirish kerak.
S h u m u n o s a b a t b i l a n A r a s t u o ‘z i n i n g “ K i t o b a l -
r u b u b a t u n ” ( “ M e t a f i z i k a ” ) r i s o l a s i d a m a v j u d n a r s a l a r n i ,
t a b i i y m o h i y a t l a r n i o ' r g a n g a n va t a d q i q e t g a n u s u l i d a n
o ' z g a c h a r o q u s u ld a o ‘r g a n g a n va ta d q i q e tg a n in i tu s h u n tir a d i.
*
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Y u q o r i d a a y t i l g a n l a r d a n s h u n a r s a m a ’l u m b o M ad ik i,
b e v o s i t a b a d a n va h i s - t u y g ‘u s a l o m a t l i g i u c h u n b e v o s i t a
f o y d a l a n m a y d i g a n m a ’q u l o t l a r n i ( a q l b o v a r q i l a d i g a n
m o h i y a t l a r n i ) o ‘r g a n is h va t a d q i q qilish z a r u r iy i s h d ir va
in s o n bilishi z a r u r boMgan ilm larg a n is b a ta n in s o n q alb i (nafsi
i n s o n i y ) r u h i n t i l a d i g a n k o ‘ r i n i b t u r u v c h i n a r s a l a r
m a v j u d lig in in g s a b a b i h a q i d a m a ’l u m o t n i b ilish g a i n s o n iy
m o h i y a t n i n g ehtiyoji k o ‘p ro q d ir. U l a r d a n e n g foydalilari inson
m o h iy a tin in g s h ak llan ish id a va in s o n n in g e n g yuqori k a m o la tn i
e g a lla sh id a z a ru rd ir.
F a n d a A r a s tu t o m o n i d a n b i r i n c h i m a r o t a b a o 'r g a n i l g a n
d o n i s h m a n d l i k ( h i k m a t ) m asalasi ( y a ’n i, falsafa) va h a q i q a t n i
tik la sh b o 'y i c h a oM kazgan t a d q i q o t i , in s o n a q li- z a k o v a tin i
b o y itish d a b irin ch i z a ru ra tg a ay la n d i, z e ro inson yaratilishining
boisi h a m s h u d ir . B o s h q a fa n , y a ’ni m a n t i q q a k e lsa k , A ra s tu
u n i ik k i m a q s a d d a t a d q i q e t a d i : u l a r d a n b i r i , i n s o n
y a r a tilis h in in g boisi boM m ish i n s o n a q lin i b a r k a m o l etish g a
x iz m a t qiladi, b o s h q a s i-fiz ik a (ta b ia t) va m e ta fiz ik a al-ilo h iy o t
( a l - r u b u b a t ) f a n la r id a y e t i s h m a y o t g a n b ilim la r n i toMdiradi.
S h u n d a y qilib, f a ls a f a - h ik m a t im k o n iy a t b o r ic h a h a q iq a tg a
yetish ish u c h u n , a l b a t t a z a r u r d ir .
159
M U N D A R I J A
F o z il o d a m l a r s h a h r i
l ~ 2 I boblar Abdusodiq Irisov tarjimasi,
2 8 —34 boblar M ahkam M ahm ud tarjim asi
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