Fundamental Pedagogy Jana Doležalová

descriptive science. It is also an explorative science (exploring and 
studying new educational phenomena), as well as an explanatory science 
(identifying and explaining processes, results and factors of education), 
which is an essential activity for pedagogy. And last but not least, it is a 
projecting science (proposing new and more effective processes, resources 
or entire programmes). Sometimes, the aforementioned attributes are ale 
described as functions of pedagogy.
Pedagogy is concerned with all forms and means of education (in family, at 
school, extracurricular and media effects) and pays major attention to 
anthropogenic factors of education.
Even though people have long been thinking about education, pedagogy as 
an independent science was established only approximately in the mid-19
th
century.
Pedagogy is a science as it meets the following requirements: 
1. Pedagogy has an object of study, i.e. education. 
2. According to J. Duchovičová (2012), pedagogy has its scientific 
theory: a verified, comprehensive and coherent set of findings from 
the field classified in the scientific discipline structure. It operates 
with specific terms and uses a scientific language 
(terminology).  
3. Pedagogy has its own methodology, dealing with principles, 
strategies and procedures, tools and norms for the functioning and 
development of objective findings and practical transformation of 
objective reality phenomena. Pedagogy is concerned with all aspects 
of research, theoretical studies and innovation cycle within theory, 
including research methods. It determines objective facts and 

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formulates objective findings about individual phenomena and 
processes in educational reality.
4. 
Pedagogy has formed its own infrastructure, i.e. a system in 
support of science which forms information sources, associations, 
books and databases, research and educational workplaces where the 
relevant science is taught. The system’s components are mutually 
linked and support the development of the science at home and 
abroad in a complex manner (Duchovičová, 2012, p. 10, 16 and 41). 
Pedagogical (teaching) professionals contribute to the development 
of pedagogy by publishing the results of their research in various 
publications. 
Pedagogy is a dynamic science as it uncovers new findings, thus deepening 
and expanding the field of its research and responding to changes in the 
society and educational processes. J. Průcha (2000, p. 18) notes the 
changes in the concept of pedagogy during the historical development in the 
context of the development of the methodology of pedagogy: