G‘apporov M. Ingliz tili grammatikasi

Can you do it? May I take it? Must he go there? Ought he to help him?
Need he do it?
CAN (COULD) FE’LI
1. Can modal fe’li Simple Infi nitiv bilan kelib ish-harakatni bajarish
imkoniyatini, mumkinligini, qobiliyatini ifodalaydi, hozirgi va kelasi za mon
uchun ishlatiladi:
I can do it now.
Men uni hozir qila olaman.
I can speak English.
Men inglizcha gapira olaman.
He can fi nish his work next week.
U ishini kelasi hafta tugata oladi.
This work can be done at once.
Bu ishni birdan qilsa bo‘ladi.
2. Can o‘rnida be able to ni ham ishlatsa bo‘ladi. Be able to hozirgi,
o‘tgan va kelasi zamonda ishlatiladi:
I can do it. = I am able to do it.
Men buni qila olaman.
I could do it. = I was able to do it.
Men buni qila oldim.
I shall be able to do it.
Men buni qilishga qodir bo‘la-
man.
Biror narsaning bo‘lishi mumkin emasligi aytilmoqchi bo‘lganda can’t
ishlatiladi.
— You’ve only just had dinner. You can’t be hungry.
3. Can fe’li Perfect Infi nitiv bilan kelib (can + have + P.P.) bo‘lish siz
va so‘roq gaplarda ishlatiladi va suhbatdosh gapirayotgan, haqiqatda sodir
bo‘lgan ish-harakatning bo‘lishi mumkin emasligini ifodalaydi:
He cannot have done it.
U buni qilgan bo‘lishi mumkin emas.
He cannot have said it.
Buni u aytmagan bo‘lishi kerak.
Can he have said it?
Buni u aytganmikin?
4. Could + V ish-harakatni o‘tgan zamonda sodir etish imkoniyatini, 
qobiliyatini ifodalaydi. Could o‘rnida was (were) able to ham ishlatilishi
mumkin:
He could (was able to) swim very
well when he was young.
U yoshligida juda yaxshi suza
olar edi.
www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi

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25
He could (was able to) read French

books after he had studied French
for a year.
U bir yil fransuz tilini
o‘rgangani dan keyin franszcha
kitoblarni o‘qiy olardi.
He could (was able to) speak Eng-
lish when he was a boy.
U bolaligida inglizcha gapira
olardi.
Amalda (haqiqatda) sodir bo‘lgan ish-harakat to‘g‘risida gap ketgan da
faqat was (were) able to ishlatiladi:
We were able to discharge the
steamer in twenty-four hours.
Biz yigirma to‘rt soat ichida paro-
xodning yukini tushira oldik.
He was able to translate the ar-
ticle without a dictionary.
U maqolani lug‘atsiz tarjima qila
oldi.
She was able to do it without my
help.
U buni mening yordamimsiz qila
oldi.
5. Bosh gapi o‘tgan zamonda bo‘lgan o‘zlashtirma gapning ergash gapida