G‘apporov M. Ingliz tili grammatikasi

as -da
As I was coming here, I 
met your brother.
As winter appro ached, the 
days became shorter.
Bu yoqqa kelayotga-
nimda men akangizni 
uchratdim.
Qish yaqinlashar ekan, 
kunlar qisqara boshladi.
as long as to, qadar
As long as you insist on 
these terms, we shall not 
be able to come to an 
agreement with you.
To siz shu shartlarga tu-
rib olar ekansiz, biz siz 
bilan kelisha olmaymiz.
as soon as -gach, bilan
He will do it as soon as he 
comes home.
U uyiga kelishi bilan 
(kelgach) bu ishni qi-
ladi.
since -dan buyon
What have you been doing 
since I last saw you?
Sizni men oxirgi marta 
ko‘rganimdan buyon 
nima qilayapsiz.
until (till) –maguncha
(-gacha)
I shall stay here until (till) 
I have fi nished my work.
Men ishimni tugatmagu-
nimcha (tugatganimcha) 
shu yerda bo‘laman.

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250
while -da, paytida,
vaq tida
While the legal adviser 
was drawing up the cont-
ract, we were discussing 
the specifi cation of the 
goods.
Yuristimiz shartno ma ni 
tuzayotganida biz mol-
larning xusu 
siyatlarini 
muhokama qildik.
b) quyidagilar sabab ergash gaplarni bog‘laydi:
as uchun, sababli
As I have not read the 
book, I cannot tell you an-
ything about it.
Men kitobni o‘qib chiq-
maganim sabab 
li, u 
haqda biror narsa deyol-
mayman.
because chunki
I cannot do it now because 
I am very busy.
Men buni hozir qila ol-
mayman, chunki juda 
bandman.
since sababli, modo-
miki
Since the documents have 
not arrived, we cannot load 
the goods.
Modomiki hujjatlar 
yetib kelmagan ekan, 
biz mollarni yuklay ol-
maymiz.
for uchun
He walked quickly, for he 
was in a great hurry.
U tez yurdi, chunki u 
juda shoshilardi.
seeing (that) ko‘rib,
bilib, sababli
Seeing (that) he is ill to day, 
we shall have to postpone 
the me eting.
Uning kasalli 
gi tufay-
li, majlisni qoldirishi-
mizga to‘g‘ri keladi.
c) quyidagilar shart ergash gaplarni bog‘laydi:
if agar
He will sent the letter to-
morrow if you send it off 
now.
Agar siz xatni hozir 
jo‘natsangiz, u uni er-
taga oladi.
on codition (that) shu
shart bilan, bo‘lsa
I will lend you the book on 
condition (that) you return 
it on Monday.
Men sizga kitobni dushan-
ba kuni qaytarib berish 
sharti bilan berib tura-
man.
provided (that), pro- 
viding (that) agar,
shar ti bilan
We shall be able to ship 
the goods at the end of 
May provided (that) the 
order is received immedi-
ately.
Agar buyurtma zud lik 
bilan olinsa, biz mol-
larni may oyi ning ox-
irida yuklay olamiz.
supposing (that) agar,
faraz qilaylik, bo ringki
Supposing (that) he 
doesn’t come, who will do 
the work?
Boringki u kelmasa, 
ishni kim qiladi?

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251
unless agar, -masa
I shall go there tomorrow 
unless I am too busy.
Agar juda band bo‘l-
masam men u yerga er-
taga boraman.
d) quyidagilar maqsad ergash gaplarni bog‘laydi: 
lest -maslik maqsadida,
-masligi uchun
They wrapped the instru-
ments in oilcloth lest they 
shuld be damaged by sea 
water.
Asboblar dengiz su-
vidan zararlanmasligi 
uchun ular 
ni klyon 
ka 
bilan o‘radilar.
so that, in order that,
that uchun, maqsadda
I gave him the book so 
that (in order that, that) 
he might study the subject 
at home.
Uyida o‘qisin deb men 
kitobni unga berdim.
e) quyidagi bog‘lovchilar ravish ergash gaplarni bog‘laydilar:
as dek, -day, -ga 
o‘xshatib
I’ll do it as you told me.
Men buni siz aytga-
ningizdek qilaman.
as if (as though) xuddi
You answer as if (as 
though) you did not know 
the rule.
Siz xuddi qoidani bil-
magandek javob bera-
siz.
so … that shunday …
bo‘lganligi uchun
The sea was so stormy 
that the vessel could not 
leave the port.
Dengizda shunday do-
vul ediki, kema bandar-
goh (port) ni tark eta 
olmadi.
such … that sunday
… bo‘lganligi uchun
There was such a storm 
that day that the vessel 
could not leave the port.
O‘sha kuni dengiz 
da 
shunday 
do vul 
ediki 
kema ban 
dargoh(port)
ni tark eta olmadi.
f) quyidagi bog‘lovchilar qiyoslash ergash gaplarini bog‘laydi:
as … as –dek, kabi
I get up as early as you 
do.
Men sizdek erta tura-
man.
(not) so … as –dek …
emas
The book is not so inter-
esting as I thought.
Kitob men o‘ylaga nim-
dek qiziq emas.
than -ga qaraganda
He returned sooner than 
we had expected.
U biz kutganimizga 
qaraganda ertaroq qay-
tib keldi.

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252
g) quyidagilar natija ergash gaplarni bog‘laydi:
so that uchun
The loading of the goods 
was completed on Mon-
day so that on Teusday the 
ship was able to leave the 
port.
Seshanba kuni kema 
portni tark eta olishi 
uchun mollarni yuk-
lash dushanba kuni 
tugallandi.
h) quyidagi bog‘lovchilar to‘siqsiz ergash gaplarni bog‘laydi:
in spite of the fact that
-ga qaramasdan
He went out in spite of 
the fact that he had a bad 
cold.
Qattiq shamollaga ni ga 
qaramasdan u tashqari-
ga chiqdi.
though (although) -ga
qaramasdan, garchi,
-sa ham
He speaks English per-
fectly though (although) 
he has never been to Eng-
land.
U Anglyada hech 
qachon bo‘lmagan 
bo‘lsa ham, ingliz 
tilida mukammal ga-
piradi.
BOG‘LOVCHI SO‘ZLAR
Ergash gaplarni bosh gaplar bilan bog‘lash uchun bog‘lovchilardan 
tashqari quyidagi bog‘lovchi so‘zlar ham ishlatiladi: who, whose, what, 
which, that olmoshlari va when, where, how, why ravishlari. Ular bog‘lov-
chilardan farq qilib, gapda birorta gap bo‘lagi ham bo‘lib keladi:
I don’t know when he 
will return.
Uning qachon qaytib kelishini 
bilmayman.
(When ergash gapni bosh gapga bog‘laydi va ergash gapda payt holi 
bo‘lib keladi.)
I know the man who wrote 
this article.
Men bu maqolani yozgan kishini bi-
laman (taniyman).
(Who ergash gapni bosh gapga bog‘laydi va ergash gapda ega bo‘lib 
keladi.)
Tom told me what he 
had seen there.
Tom u yerda ko‘rganlarini menga 
aytib berdi.
(What ergash gapni bosh gapga bog‘laydi va ergash gapda to‘ldiruvchi 
bo‘lib keladi.)

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253
SHAKLI BIR-BIRIGA MOS KELADIGAN BOG‘LOVCHILAR,
PREDLOGLAR VA RAVISHLAR
Ba’zi bog‘lovchilarning shakli predloglar va ravishlar bilan mos keladi. 
Ularning qaysi so‘z turkumiga mos kelishini biz ularning gapdagi vazifasidan 
aniqlaymiz:
1. He always comes before I do 
(before — bog‘lovchi, ergash gap ni 
bosh gapga bog’laydi).
U har doim men kelishimdan 
oldin keladi.
I shall go there before dinner (be-
fore — predlog; otga munosabatni 
ko‘rsatayapti).
Men u yerga tushlikdan oldin 
boraman.
I have seen this before (before — 
ravish; ish-harakatning sodir bo’lish 
vaqtini ko‘rsatadi).
Men buni oldin ko‘rganman.
2. I found the letter after he had left 
(after –bog‘lovchi).
Men u ketganidan keyin xatni 
topdim.
He came after breakfast (after — 
bog‘lovchi).
U nonushtadan keyin keldi.
We can do that after (after — ra-
vish).
Buni keyin qila olamiz.
3. What have you been doing since I 
saw you last? (since — bog‘lovchi).
Men sizni oxirgi marta ko‘r-
ganim dan buyon nima qilayot-
gan edingiz?
I have not been there since 1990 
(since — predlog).
Men u yerda 1990-yildan bu-
yon bo‘lganim yo‘q.
He left London six months ago, and 
I have not seen him since (since — 
ravish).
U Londonni olti oy ilgari tark 
etdi, men uni o‘shandan buyon 
ko‘rganim yo‘q.
UNDOV SO‘ZLAR (THE INTERJECTION)
Undov so‘zlar his-hayajon va tuyg‘uni ifodalovchi so‘zlardir. Ular gap 
bo‘lagi bo‘lmaydi:
His father, alas, is no better.
Afsus, uning otasi tuzalmayapti.
Oh! How you frightened me.
O! Meni qanchalik qo‘rqitib yubor-
ding.
Well! What do you think of it?
Xo‘sh! Bu haqda sizning fi kringiz 
qanday?

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254
GAP (THE SENTENCE)
Umumiy ma’lumotlar
1. Gap deb tugallangan fi krni ifodalovchi so‘zlar yig‘indisiga ayti ladi.
The sun rises in the east.
Quyosh sharqdan chiqadi.
2. Gapning tarkibiga kiruvchi va birorta so‘roqqa javob bo‘luvchi so‘zlar 
gap bo‘laklari deb ataladi.
3. Gap bo‘laklari bosh bo‘laklar va ikkinchi darajali gap bo‘laklariga 
bo‘linadi. Bosh bo‘laklarga ega va kesim kiradi. Ikkinchi darajali gap 
bo‘laklariga to‘ldiruvchi (the Object), aniqlovchi (the Attribute) va hol 
(the Adverbial Modifi re) kiradi.
4. Tuzilishiga ko‘ra gaplar sodda va qo‘shma gaplarga bo‘linadi.
5. Qo‘shma gaplar bog‘langan qo‘shma gaplarga va ergashgan qo‘sh ma 
gaplarga bo‘linadi:
The steamer arrived at the port yes-
terday (Sodda gap).
Paroxod kecha portga (yetib) 
keldi.
The agreement was signed, and the 
delegation left London (bog‘langan 
qo‘shma gap). 
Bitim imzolandi va delegatsiya 
Londonni tark etdi.
After the goods had been unlo aded, 
they were taken to the warehouse. 
(ergashgan qo‘shma gap).
Mollar tushirilganidan keyin, 
omborxonaga olib borildi.
6. Maqsadiga ko‘ra gaplar quyidagi turlarga bo‘linadi:
a) darak gaplar (Declarative Sentences):
The library is on the second fl oor.
Kutubxona ikkinchi qavatda.
b) so‘roq gaplar (Interrogative Sentences):
When did you come?
Siz qachon keldingiz?
c) buyruq gaplar (Imperative Sentences):
Open the window, please.
Iltimos, derazani oching.
d) undov gaplar (Exclamatory Sentences):
How well she sings!
U qanday yaxshi kuylaydi!

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