46
The sellers offered the buyers
5000 tons of gas oil,
delivery
to be made in October.
Sotuvchilar xaridorlarga 5000 ton-
na gazoyl taklif qildilar,
yetkazib
berish oktabrda amalga oshi riladi.
The buyers requested the sel-
lers to keep them informed
of the position of the vessel,
the communications to be
addressed to their agents.
Xaridorlar sotuvchilardan kema-
ning joyini bildirib turishni so‘ra-
dilar, buning ustiga o‘zlari
ning
agentlari orqali.
Gerund
Umumiy ma’lumotlar
1. Gerund fe’lning fe’llik va otlik xususiyatiga ega bo‘lgan shaklidir.
Gerundda infi nitivga qaraganda otlik xususiyati ko‘proq. O‘zbek tilida
gerundga harakat nomi to‘g‘ri keladi.
2. Gerund otlik xususiyatiga ega bo‘lganligi uchun gapda otga o‘x shab
quyidagi vazifalarda keladi:
1) ega bo‘lib keladi:
Reading is her favouraite occupa-
tion.
O‘qish —
uning sevimli
mashg‘u loti.
2) ot-kesim tarkibida keladi:
Her greatest pleasure is
reading.
Uning eng sevimli mashg‘uloti
— o‘qish.
3) fe’l kesim tarkibida keladi:
He fi nished
reading the newspa-
per.
U gazetani o‘qishni tugatdi.
4) vositasiz to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lib keladi:
I remember
reading the book.
Men kitobni o‘qiganimni es-
layman.
5) predlogli vositali to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lib keladi:
I
am fond of reading.
Men o‘qishni yaxshi ko‘raman.
6) aniqlovchi bo‘lib keladi:
I had the pleasure of
reading in the
newspaper of your success.
Men sizning muvaffaqiyat-
ingiz haqida gazetada o‘qib
rohatlan dim.
7) hol bo‘lib keladi:
After
reading the letter I put it
into the drawer.
Men xatni o‘qiganimdan
keyin uni
g‘aladonga solib qo‘ydim.
47
3. Gerund otga o‘xshab o‘zidan oldin predlog olishi mumkin, egalik
olmoshi yoki qaratqich kelishigidagi ot bilan kelishi mumkin:
Tom left
without fi nishing his
dinner.
Tom ovqatini yeb bo‘lmasdan
chiqib ketdi.
We insisted on
their chartering a
vessel at once.
Biz ulardan zudlik bilan kema
yollashlarini talab qildik.
We objected to the
buyer’s paying
only part of the invoice amount.
Biz
xaridorlarning yuk haqining
faqat bir qismini to‘lashiga e’tiroz
bildirdik.
4. Gerund fe’li quyidagi xususiyatlarga ega:
a) gerund vositasiz to‘ldiruvchi olishi mumkin:
I remember
reading this book.
Men bu kitobni o‘qiganimni eslayman.
b) gerund ravish bilan aniqlanishi mumkin:
He likes
reading aloud.
U ovoz chiqarib o‘qishni yoqtiradi.
c) gerund zamon va nisbat shakllariga ega bo‘ladi:
Active Passive
Simple
Perfect
reading
having read
being read
having been read
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