General microbiology

D. To determine the children that need to receive BCG vaccination
E. To preventively vaccinate against tuberculosis
38. A 36-year-old man provisionally diagnosed with renal tuberculosis has undergone urinary sediment analysis. Microscopy revealed acid-fast bacteria, but Pryce method detected no cord factor. Name the most reliable method of investigation that can confirm or refute this provisional diagnosis:
A. Inoculation of laboratory animals B. Phage typing of the obtained culture
C. Allergy skin test D. Toxigenicity testing
E. Serological identification of the causative agent
39. A 6-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his mother, who complains of low-grade fever, chronic cough and night sweats in her child. She describes the cough as productive, producing white sputum that is sometimes streaked with blood. She also says that her son has lost some weight in the last month. His vital signs include blood pressure of 115/75 mm Hg, heart rate of 110/min., respiratory rate of 18/min. and temperature of 36,6°C. On physical examination, the patient is ill looking. Pulmonary auscultation reveals some fine crackles in the right upper lobe. The pediatrician suspects an active infection and performs Mantoux test. Intradermal injection of which of the following substances has been most likely used by pediatrician for screening test in this clinical case?
A. Tuberculin B. –
C. Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids vaccine (Td) D. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine
E. Diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP)
40. After a prolonged isoniazid treatment, the patient developed polyneuritis, paresthesia, memory disorders, and convulsions. What is the most likely mechanism of the described isoniazid side-effects?
A. Disruption of cell membrane synthesis B. Inhibition of protein synthesis
C. Inhibition of RNA-synthesis D. Inhibition of pyridoxal phosphate synthesis
E. Para-aminobenzoic acid antagonism
41. A centrifugate of urine sample obtained from patient with suspected renal tuberculosis was used to make a slide mount for microscopy. What method should be used to stain the slide and detect the causative agent?
A. Zielh-Neelsen stain B. Loeffler stain
C. Gram stain D. Aujeszky stain E. Burri stain
42. A 16-year-old boy from the rural area entered the technical school. During a regular Mantoux test, it turned out that this boy had a negative reaction. What tactics should the doctor choose as the most rational in this case?
A. Repeat the test in a month B. Serodiagnosis of tuberculosis
C. Urgent isolation of the boy from his groupmates D. BCG vaccination
E. Express diagnostics of tuberculosis using the Price method
43. A man is being treated for chronic pneumonia for a long time. Microscopy of sputum smears stained using Ziehl-Nielsen method reveals red bacilli 0.25x4 microns in size, located separately or sometimes in small clusters. What disease can be suspected?
A. Pneumococcal pneumonia B. Pulmonary actinomycosis
C. Pulmonary candidiasis D. Pulmonary tuberculosis
E. Influenza pneumonia
Lepra
1. Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from affected area of mucous membrane of oral cavity revealed bacillus in form of accumulations that looked like a pack of cigarettes. Ziehl-Neelsen staining gives them red colour. What kind of pathogenic organism was most likely revealed in tissue sampling?
A. M.leprae B. M.tuberculosis C. A.bovis
D. A.israilii E. M.avium
2. Granulomas containing lymphocytes and macrophages were detected during analysis of skin biopsy material. Among macrophages there are large cells with fat inclusions, which contain microorganisms in spheric packages (Virchow’s cells). The following disease is based on the described type of hypersensitivity: