Grammarway 1 kitobining o’zbekcha

Somebody kimdir

Someone kimdir Something nimadir Somewhere qayerdir

Some so‘zi orqali yasalgan gumon olmoshlari bo‘lishli gaplar- da ishlatiladi.
There is someone in the room.
You can give this ball to somebody
Any so‘zi orqali yasalgan gumon olmoshlari inkor va so‘roq
gaplarda ishlatiladi.
Masalan,
Don’t go anywhere.
There is not anybody in the room.
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Anyone kimdir
Anybody kimdir
Anything nimadir
Anywhere qayerdir


Bo‘lishsizlik olmoshi
Nobody hech kim No
one hech kim
Nothing hech narsa
Nowhere hech qayer

Bo‘lishsizlik olmoshi no so‘zi orqali yasaladi va ular ishtirok etgan gap inkor gap hisoblanadi. Ingliz tilida bo‘lishsizlik olmoshi ishtirok etgan gaplarda bosh inkor so‘z ishlatil- maydi. Masalan,

Tom has got nothing- Tomning hech narsasi yo‘q. There is nobody in the room. Xonada hech kim yo‘q.

Taqqoslang!

There is not anything = There is nothing. not anything=nothing
I cannot see anybody = I can see nobody. not anybody=nobody

Yasalishi.

I speak English. Men inglizcha gapiraman. He speaks English. U inglizcha gapiradi.

S+do/does not+V1
I do not speak English. Men inglizcha gapirmayman.
He does not speak English. U(o‘g‘il bola) inglizcha gapirmaydi.

Bo‘lishli shakl	Inkor shakl		Umumiy savol shakli
	Kengaytma shakl	Qisqartma shakl
I speak	I do not speak	I don’t speak	Do I speak?
You speak	You do not speak	You don’t speak	Do you speak?
He speaks	He does not speak	He doesn’t speak	Does he speak?
She speaks	She does not speak	She doesn’t speak	Does she speak?
It speaks	It does not speak	It doesn’t speak	Does it speak?
We speak	We do not speak	We don’t speak	Do we speak?
You speak	You do not speak	You don’t speak	Do you speak?
They speak	They do not speak	They don’t speak	Do they speak?

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Umumiy so‘roq shakli.

Do I speak English? Men inglizcha gapiramanmi?
Yes, he does No, he doesn’t
Does he speak English? U inglizcha gapiradimi?
Yes, he does No, he doesn’t
QOIDA!

1. 
   Fe’llarga 3-shaxs birlikda -es, -ies yoki –s qo‘shimchasi
   

qo’shiladi.

2. 
   Oxirgi harfi -ss, -x,-sh,-ch, -o bilan tugagan fe’llarga – es qo‘shiladi. miss-misses, mix-mixes, wash-washes, watch-watches, go- goes
   
3. 
   Oxirgi harfi –y harfi bilan tugab undan oldin undosh harf
   

kelsa -y harfi tushib qoladi va –ies o‘shiladi. fly-flies, cry-cries, tidy-tidies
Agar -y dan oldin unli harf kelsa -s qo’shiladi. play-plays, say-says
Qolgan barcha hollarda -s qo‘shimchasi qo‘shiladi.
work-works, come-comes, read-reads

Present simple ning ishlatilishi

1. 
   Doimiy va odatga aylangan ish-harakatga;
   

I go to school every day. Men har kuni maktabga boraman. They live in London. Ular Londonda yashaydi.

2. 
   Umumiy haqiqatlarga va tabiat qonunlariga
   

Pupils usually go to school. O‘quvchilar odatda maktabga borishadi. Doctors work in hospitals. Shifokorlar shifoxonada ishlaydilar.
The sun rises in the east. Quyosh sharqdan chiqadi.
Quyidagi signal so‘zlar bilan.


ULARNI YODLANG!


Usually-odatda Always-har doim
Often- tez-tez/ko‘pincha Sometimes-ba’zan Seldom/rarely-kamdan-kam Never-hech/hech qachon Everyday/week/month/year Har kuni/hafta/oy/yili
On Sundays=every Sunday Yakshanba kunlari=har yakshanba In the mornings=every morning ertalablari=har kuni ertalab

We don’t usually swim in spring.

Tom always get up early in the morning
They can never wake up before 10 in the morning.
You are sometimes late for classes.
Do you often go to see your parents?
Quyidagilar esa odatda gapning oxirida yoki boshida keladi. He plays tennis every Monday. Every Monday he plays tennis.


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1. Doimiy va odatga aylangan ish-harakatga;	1. Hozirda bo‘layotgan ish-harakatga
I go to school every day. Men har kuni maktabga boraman. They live in London.	Ted is drinking coffee at the moment-Ted ayni damda kofe ichyapti.
2. Umumiy haqiqatlarga va tabiat qonunlariga	2. Hozirgi vaqt atrofida bo‘layotgan ish-harakatga
Doctors work in hospitals. Shifokorlar shifoxonada ish- laydilar. The sun rises in the east.	I am building a house nowadays - Men shu kunlarda uy quryap- man.
Usually-odatda Always-har doim Often- tez-tez/ko‘pincha Sometimes-ba’zan Seldom/rarely-kamdan-kam Never-hech/hech qachon	Now-hozir At the moment-ayni paytda, shu lahzada Today-bugun At present-hozirda Nowadays / these days-shu kunlarda
Every day/week/month/year/ Monday Har kuni/hafta/oy/yil/dushanba On Sundays=every Sunday Yakshanba kunlari = har yakshanba In the mornings=every morn- ing ertalablari=har kuni ertalab

Quyidagi fe’llarga -ing qo‘shimchasi qo‘shilmaydi.
Ularni tarjimasi bilan yod oling!

believe	ishonmoq
belong	tegishli bo‘lmoq
forget	unutmoq
hate	nafratlanmoq
hear	eshitmoq
know	bilmoq/tanimoq
like	yoqtirmoq
love	sevmoq
need	muhtoj bo‘lmoq
remember	esla(t)moq
smell	hidlamoq/hidi kelmoq
think	o‘ylamoq
understand	tushunmoq
want	xohlamoq
like	yoqtirmoq

see* ko‘rmoq . have* bor bo‘lmoq.

See fe’li uchrashmoq ma’- nosida kelsa –ing oladi. I am

seeing Tom tomorrow.

Have fe’li Ot bilan birikib egalik qilmoq/bor ma’nosidan bosh- qa ma’noda kelsa – ing oladi.

They are having a party. We are having lunch now.

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A lot of / lots of -ko‘p, ko‘pgina ma’nosini bildirib ham sanaladigan, ham sanalmaydigan otlardan oldin ishlatiladi. A lot of yoki lots of odatda bo‘lishli gaplarda ishlatiladi.

There are a lot of books in my bookcase. They have got lots of toys at home.

A lot of = lots of. A lot of/lots of dan keyin ot kelmasa of pred- logi tushirib qoldiriladi.
Masala,
Are there many balls in the playground? Yes, there are a lot.

Much-ko‘p/ko‘pgina. Faqat sanalmaydigan otlarga ishlatilib
odatda inkor va so‘roq gaplarda keladi.



Is there much water in the glass? They haven’t got much money.




Are there many customers in the shop? There are not many apples in the bowl.






A little-ozgina. Sanalmaydigan otga ishlatiladi va biror
narsa qilishga yetarli darajada bor ma’nosini bildiradi.
little –(juda) oz=deyarli yo‘q. Sanalmaydigan otga ishlatiladi va biror narsa qilishga yetarli darajada bo‘lma- gan miqdorni ifodalaydi.

Masalan,

Ann has got a little money. She can buy some sweets.
Ann has got little money. She cannot buy some sweets.


A few-ozgina. Sanaladigan otga ishlatiladi va biror narsa
qilishga yetarli darajada bor ma’nosini bildiradi
few –(juda) oz=deyarli yo‘q. Sanaladigan otga ishlatiladi va biror narsa qilishga yetarli darajada bo‘lmagan miqdor- ni ifodalaydi.

Masalan,

I have got a few friends so I can play football.
I have got few friends so I cannot play football.


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O‘tgan oddiy zamon o‘tmishda aniq bir paytda sodir
bo‘lgan ish harakat yoki holat uchun ishlatiladi.


To be
Present Simple Past Simple am was
is
are were

S+was/were

Bo‘lishli shakl

S+ was/were +not

Inkor shakl

Was/Were+S….. ?

Umumiy so‘roq shakli

I was a student three years ago
They were at home last night.

I was not a student three years ago.

They were not at home last night.
Was I a student three years ago? Yes, I was. No, I was not/wasn’t
Were they at home last night? Yes, they were.
No, they were not/weren’t

Affirmative	Inkor shakl		Umumiy savol
Bo‘lishli	Kengaytma shakl Qisqartma shakl		shakli
I was a student	I was not a student	I wasn’t a student You weren't a student He wasn't a student She wasn't a student It wasn't a car We weren't students You weren't students They weren't students	Was I a student?
You were a student	You were not a student		Were you a student?
He was a student	He was not a student		Was he a student?
She was a student	She was not a student		Was she a student?
It was a car	It was not a car		Was it a car?
We were students	We were not students		Were we students?
You were students	You were not students		Were you students?
They were student	They were not students		Were they students?

Payt ravishlari