Questions 11-13
Choose THREE letters A-F.
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Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.
Which THREE of the following are parts of Gilbert’s discovery?
A Metal can be transformed into another.
B Garlic can remove magnetism.
C Metals can be magnetized.
D Stars are at different distances from the earth.
E The earth wobbles on its axis.
F There are two charges of electricity.
SECTION 2
Seed Hunting
A
With quarter of the world's plants set to vanish within the next 50 years, Dough
Alexander reports on the scientists working against the clock the preserve the Ear
th’s
botanical heritage. They travel the four comers of the globe, scouring jungles, forests and
savannas. But they're not looking for ancient artefacts, lost treasure or undiscovered
tombs. Just pods. It may lack the romantic allure of archaeology, or the whiff of danger
that accompanies going after big game, but seed hunting is an increasingly serious
business. Some seek seeds for profit
—hunters in the employ of biotechnology firms,
pharmaceutical companies and private corporations on the lookout for species that will
yield the drugs or crops of the future. Others collect to conserve, working to halt the sad
slide into extinction facing so many plant species.
B
Among the pioneers of this botanical treasure hunt was John Tradescant, an English
royal gardener who brought back plants and seeds from his journeys abroad in the early
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1600s. Later, the English botanist Sir Joseph Banks who was the first director of the Royal
Botanic Gardens at Kew and travelled with Captain James Cook on his voyages near the
end of the 18th century
—was so driven to expand his collections that he sent botanists
around the world at his own expense.
C
Those heady days of exploration and discovery may be over, but they have been
replaced by a pressing need to preserve our natural history for the future. This modem
mission drives hunters such as Dr Michiel van Slageren, a good-natured Dutchman who
often sports a wide-brimmed hat in the field
—he could easily be mistaken for the
cinematic hero Indiana Jones. He and three other seed hunters work at the Millennium
Seed Bank, an 80 million [pounds sterling] international conservation project that aims to
protect the world's most endangered wild plant species
D
The group's headquarters are in a modem glass-and-concrete structure on a 200-
hectare Estate at Wakehurst Place in the West Sussex countryside. Within its
underground vaults are 260 million dried seeds from 122 countries, all stored at -20
Celsius to survive for centuries. Among the 5
,
100 species represented are virtually all
of Britain's 1,400 native seed-bearing plants, the most complete such collection of any
country’s flora.
E
Overseen by the Royal botanic gardens, the Millennium Seed Bank is the world's
largest wild-plant depository. It aims to collect 24,000 species by 2010. The reason is
simple: thanks to humanity's efforts, an estimated 25 per cent of the world's plants are on
the verge of extinction and may vanish within 50 years. We're currently responsible for
habitat destruction on an unprecedented scale, and during the past 400 years, plant
species extinction rates have been about 70 times greater than those indicated by the
geological record as being ’normal’. Experts predict that during the next 50 years a further
one billion hectares of wilderness will be converted to farmland in developing countries
alone.
F
The implications of this loss are enormous. Besides providing staple food crops, plants
are a source of many machines and the principal supply of fuel and building materials in
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