20
displays
some explicitly metafictional strategies (Waugh, 22). Thus, it could also be argued that the
postmodern features of the novel mean that it belongs to the continuum of modern fiction.
Maria Beville further clarifies what postmodernism is,
as she argues that,
The strategies and devices of literary postmodernism challenge the possibilities of
writing itself as well as the imaginative capabilities of its readers. As a mode of fiction,
it rejects the concept of metanarrative in favour of metafiction, which includes multiple
beginnings,
endings and middles; forking and crossing paths,
unresolvable plots,
expanding metaphors, allegorical multi-functional characters, and most interestingly, the
exhibition of playfulness in its relationship to its readers, and in also in its relationship
to its authors.
According to Beville, ”postmodernist fiction displays a tendency to employ metafiction as a vehicle
for
epistemological exploration, radicalising the modernist quest for self knowledge and
consequently re-shaping the reader's approach to questions of ontology” (46).
In
The Keep, metafictionality is created through the use of an external narrator –
the prisoner
Ray. His character could even be seen to echo traits of the traditional
Künstlerromans. The
definition of a
Künstlerroman according to
Encyclopaedia Britannica is “a class of
Bildungsroman,
or apprenticeship novel, that deals with the youth and development of an individual who becomes,
or is on the threshold of becoming, a painter, musician, or poet”. The main storyline in
The Keep
might be the story of Danny, Howie and the castle, but the second storyline of Ray coming to terms
with his past by writing it down as a story, is as important when considering the novel as a Gothic
postmodern novel of imprisonment and escaping. How Ray's storyline connects to the tradition of
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