International Accounting Standards
12
IAS 2: Inventories
The term inventory refers to the stock of goods which a business holds in a variety of forms:
•
raw materials for use in a subsequent manufacturing process
•
work in progress, partly manufactured goods
•
finished goods, completed goods ready for sale to customers
•
finished goods that the business has bought for resale to customers.
The principle of inventory valuation set out in IAS 2 is that inventories should be valued at the lower of
cost and net realisable value.
Note the exact wording. It is the lower of cost
and net realisable value, not the lower of cost
or net
realisable value.
Cost should include all costs of purchase (including transport and handling), costs of conversion
(including manufacturing overheads) and other costs incurred in bringing the inventory to its present
location and condition.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the normal course of business, less the
estimated cost of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. Any write-down to
net realisable value should be recognised as an expense in the period in which the write-down occurs.
Note that inventory is never valued at selling price or net realisable value when that value is greater
than the cost.
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