International Accounting Standards
14
Closing inventories for a manufacturing business
A manufacturer may hold three categories of inventory:
•
raw materials
•
work in progress
•
finished goods.
Valuing raw materials
Raw (direct) materials will be valued at the lower of cost (applying either FIFO or AVCO) and their
realisable value.
Valuing work in progress and finished goods
IAS 2 requires that the valuation of these two items includes not only their raw or direct material
content, but also includes an element for direct labour, direct expenses and production overheads.
The valuation of work in progress and finished goods therefore consists of:
•
direct materials which includes the purchase price, including import duties, transport and
handling costs, less trade discounts and rebates
•
direct labour
•
direct expenses (for example royalties or licence fees)
•
production overheads (costs to bring the product to its present location and condition)
•
other overheads which may be applicable to bring the product to its present location and
condition.
The inventory value of work in progress and finished goods excludes:
•
abnormal waste in the production process
•
storage costs
•
selling costs
•
administrative overheads not related to production.
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