The Role of Social Media for Collaborative Learning to Improve Academic Performance of Students and Researchers
Al-Rahmi, Othman, and Yusuf
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Discriminant validity in this study was evaluated by three criteria; correlation index among
variables is less than 0.80 (Hair et al., 2010), value of the average variance extracted (AVE) of
each construct is equal to or greater than 0.5 (Hair et al., 2010), and
square root AVE of each
construct is higher than inter-construct correlations (IC) associated with that factor (Fornell &
Larcker, 1998). Moreover, the constructs, items and confirmatory factor analysis results factor
loading of 0.5 or greater is acceptable, Cronbach’s Alpha ≥0.70; Composite Reliability ≥ 0.70
(Hair et al., 2010).
Result and Discussion
The respondents’ background information was obtained through the questionnaire and the result
of the analysis is presented in Table 3. The distribution of respondents on the basis of
demographic characteristics of the sample is as follows; the categorization of respondents based
on gender is - 329 male respondents corresponding to (45.5%) and 394 female respondents
(54.5%). From the
number of respondents, it is evident that the number of female respondents is
higher than male respondents. This was not deliberately done by the researcher. Secondly, based
on their ages, the respondents are categorized as follows; 96 respondents (13.3%) came from 21-
24 years old group, 305 respondents (42.2%) came from 25-30 years old group, 192 respondents
(26.6 %) fell into the 30-35 years old group and 130 respondents (18.0%) were above 35 years old.
In addition, the majority of the respondents were PhD students the number of respondents based
on their degree of researchers, which are 103 respondents (14.3%) are
master full research
students, 121 respondents (16.8%) are master mixed mode students, 104 respondents (14.5 %)
master taught course, 391 respondents (54.4%) come from PhD research students. Finally, the
distribution of respondents based on the use of social media is; 687 respondents (95.0%) came
from the students and researchers currently using social
media network, 36 respondents (5.0%)
came from the students and researchers who used social media before but not presently.
Table 3
Number of Respondents Based On Gender, Age and Degree of Researchers
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