Kengoay. Pdf

Appendix A 

Timetable for Accelerating AFTA (CEPT Scheme) 

 

 

Definition 

1992 Protocol 

(Signed in Jan.1992) 

(Begun on 1.Jan.1993)  

1995 Protocol 

(Signed in Dec.1995) 

(Begun on 1.Jan.1996)  

Some progress after 1995 protocol 

including acceptance of new member 

Coverage 

 in 2001 CEPT 

Product List 

Covering all manufactured good (not 

including unprocessed agricultural 

product) 

Covering all manufactured good 

(including unprocessed 

agricultural product) 

 

Fast 

Track 

Present rate < 20% 

à 0-5% by 1.1. 2000 

 

à 0-5% by 1.1. 1998 

 

Present rate = 20% 

à 0-5% by 1.1. 2003 

 

à 0-5% by 1.1. 2000 

Normal 

Track 

Present rate < 20% 

à 0-5% by 1.1. 2003 

 

à 0-5% by 1.1. 2000 

 

Present rate = 20% 

à 20% within 5-8 years 

 

à 20% by 1.1. 1998 

Inclusion 

List 

(INL) 

 

Immediate 

liberalization through 

reduction in 

intra-regional (CEPT) 

tariff rates, removal of 

quantitative 

restrictions and other 

non-tariff barriers 

 

 

    0-5% by 1.1. 2008 

    0-5% by 1.1. 2003 

For original six countries, according to 

1998 agreement, 

     85% of all INL: 0-5% by 1.1.2000. 

     90% of all INL: 0-5% by 1.1.2001. 

    100% of all INL: 0-5% by 1.1.2002. 

     with flexibility 

For Vietnam, reduced to 0-5% by 2006 

For Laos and Myanmar by 2008 

For Cambodia by 2010 

55,680 tariff line 

representing 

84.74% of all. 

Temporary 

Exclusion 

List 

(TEL) 

 

Temporarily excluded 

from liberalisation, but 

have to be transferred 

into the Inclusion List 

Tariff not removed until 31.12.2000, 

but to be reviewed 

Gradually transferred to INL, for 

original six countries, since 1996 

 

Gradually transferred to INL, 

for Vietnam, since 1999 

for Laos and Myanmar, since 2001 

for Cambodia,  beginning in 2003 

8,660 tariff lines 

representing 

about 13.4% of 

all 

Sensitive 

List 

 

The commitment to 

reduce tariffs, remove 

quantitative 

restrictions and other 

non-tariff barriers is 

extended. 

Tariff not removed 

Phased in CEPT, beginning 

2001-03, reduced to 0-5%, for 

original six countries, by 2010 

 

Phased in CEPT, reduced to 0-5%, 

for Vietnam by 2013 

for Laos an Myanmar by 2015 

for Cambodia by 2017 

(note: remaining “Highly sensitive List” 

which need special arrangement for 

liberalisation ) 

360 tariff lines 

making up 

0.55% of all 

tariff lines 

 

General 

Exclusion 

List 

Permanently excluded 

from FTA for reasons 

of national security, 

protection of human, 

animal or plant life and 

health and articles of 

artistic, historic and 

archaeological value 

Tariff not removed 

829 tariff lines 

representing 

about 1.28% of 

all tariff lines 

(Source) ASEAN Secretariat 

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34

Appendix B 

 

(1) Variable and Data Source 

 

Variable 

Source 

Imports and exports 

Australian National University and Victoria University of Technology, 

NAPES database and IMF Direction of Trade Statistics Ye arbook

 

GDP 

World Bank, World Development Indicators 2001 (CD-ROM)

 

Per capita GDP 

Calculated by GDP/Population from World Bank, World Development 

Indicators 2001 (CD-ROM)

 

Distance 

Fitzpatrick and Modlin (1986) Direct-line distances, London: Scarecrow.

 

Complementarity 

index 

Australian National University and Victoria University of Technology, 

NAPES database. 

 

(2) Country Coverage: 

The following 35 countries are selected based on existing studies and data 

availability.

 

Regional group 

Member countries 

APEC 

Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, 

Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and United States  

(other members include Hong Kong, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Russian 

Federation, Viet Nam). 

ASEAN 

Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Singapore (other 

members include Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and 

Viet Nam). 

EU 

Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands and UK (other 

members include Austria, Denmark, Greece, Finland, Luxemburg, 

Portugal, Spain and Sweden). 

NAFTA 

United States, Canada and Mexico. 

Others 

Korea, Hong-Kong, Taiwan, China, India and Pakistan, Turkey, Austria, 

Denmark, Finland, Greece, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and 

Switzerland 

 

 

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35

Appendix C. ASEAN real exchange rates 

Relative Real Exchange Rate of ASEAN countries 

Note. Relative exchange rates are calculated as follows: 

(1)  Country i’s relative real exchange rate to country j was defined as the local currency value of 1 

j’s local currency, multiplied by the j’s GDP deflator and devided by country i’s GDP deflator, 

where i is each ASEAN country and j is our every sample country. 

(2)  Country  i’s relative real exchange rate to ASEAN was calculated by weighting an each 

relative real exchange rate by the share of i’s trade with each ASEAN country in i’s trade with 

the ASEAN total and summing. 

(3)  Similarly, country i’s relative real exchange rate to non ASEAN member was calculated by 

weighting an each relative real exchange rate by the share of i’s trade with each non ASEAN 

country in i’s trade with the non ASEAN members total and summing. 

Depreciate  

Appreciate 

Indonesia

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

ASEAN

N A S E A N

Malaysia

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1983 1984

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

ASEAN

NASEAN

Philippines

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

A S E A N

N A S E A N

Thailand

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

ASEAN

NASEAN

S ingapore

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

ASEAN

NASEAN