Lecture 1 Methods of Foreign LanguageTeaching as a Science

2. Content of Foreign Language Teaching
What to teach or the content of foreign language teaching is one of the main problems the Methods deals with. Content of FLT consists of 3 components.
1. The first component of“what to teach” (content) is habits and skills which pupils should acquire while learning a foreign language. Habits are series of connected acts which have become automatic or semi - automatic as the result of repetitions. Skills are combination of specific useful habits, serving a definite purpose and requiring the application of definite knowledge.
The four basic skills to be acquired as the result of the study of a foreign language they are the ability to understand the language when heard, to speak it, to read it, and to write it. In other words they are hearing (language comprehension), speaking, reading, and writing. The level of habits and skills is determined by the syllabus for each form.
2. The second component of “what to teach” is a linguistic one. It includes on the one hand,language material, such as sentence patterns, utterance-patterns, pattern-dialogues, text different in style arranged in topic and serving as starting points for the development of oral language and written language, which allows the teacher to reach the practical educational, and cultural aims set by the syllabys. For example, in the junior stage (4x5 forms) pupils should speak and read about school, home, town and countryside, nature, psychical training and sports. On the other hand, linguistic material i.e. phonology, grammar and vocabulary, is carefully selected for the purpose.
3. The third component of what “what to teach” is a methodological component i.e. pupils should be taught how to learn the foreign language, how to work at the subject to attain the aims.
To sum up, the content of foreign language teaching involves three main components:
1. Psychological components: habits and skills which ensure the use of the target language as a means of communication in oral (hearing, speaking) and written (reading, writing) forms.
2. Linguistic components i.e. language and linguistic material which should be assimilated to be used in language skills.
3. Methodological component i.e. the techniques which pupils should acquire to learn the foreign language in a most effective way.