Legon Journal of the Humanities, 25
(2014)
P a g e
| 50
Yεrebεkɔ asɔredan mu. Se yefi amusiei a, yεbεsan abehyia wɔ ha bio. (T)
We shall go to the church from here. From the cemetery, we shall
come back here. (E)
In the first instance (Figure 4), the family spokesman used Leteh and Twi. He
interpreted his statements into Twi for the benefit of the sympathizers who had arrived
from Kumasi. This scenario differs from the one during which only Leteh was spoken,
the selection/election of a successor. In Figure 5, all the three languages are used in order
to reach a larger audience. The family spokesman assumes the role of host and ensures
that his “guests” do not lose their way whilst they are in town. It is also important to
mention the names of donors so that they are well appreciated. The spokesman therefore
uses Leteh, Twi, and English. An interaction of marked and unmarked language choices
was observed. Although it was expected that during
a traditional ceremony, Leteh would
be
the unmarked choice, this was not always the case due to the diverse language
backgrounds of speech participants. The use of English in the traditional domain does not
match community expectations, and as a result the choice may be described as marked so
far as domain type was concerned. Nevertheless, Leteh, the unmarked choice was used in
performing some exclusive traditional rites. The mourners and sympathizers used various
languages among themselves, according to their linguistic repertoire.
In selecting a
language to address the mourners and sympathizers, the speaker always considered their
linguistic repertoire; he therefore used all the three major languages. The alternate use of
unmarked and marked languages confirms the assertion that within the markedness
model, code choices are intentional in that they are made to achieve specific social ends.
In this sense, the speaker will choose one language variety over another, because it has
more benefits than costs (Myers-Scotton, 1998, p. 19). The repertoire rule as proposed by
Johnson (1975) dictated marked language choices to a large
extent in the traditional
domain.
Table 5 is a summary of patterns of language choice during the various sub-
activities of a funeral in Larteh. For each of the activities, the predominant language is
listed first.
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