c. Aggression: A more common reaction of frustration is aggression, an act against some are or
some thing.
18.7 THEORIES ON MOTIVATION 1. Maslow’s need Priority Model
2. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
3. MC Gregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
4. Ouchi’s Theory 2
5. Mc Clelland’s Need for Achievement Theory
6. Adams Equity Theory
7. Vroom’s Expectancy Thoery
8. Alderfer’s ERG Theory
18.7.1 Maslow’s Need Priority Model: Abraham Maslow’s need-hierarchy theory is one of
the most popular and widely known theories of motivation. According to Maslow, people are motivated
to satisfy five categories of needs. They are
Psychological needs
Safety needs
Social needs
Esteem needs
Flight
(External withdrawal)
No. of satisfaction
of Need
Frustration
Agression
Externalised
Towards
source
Towards
others
Person
Initial
object
Internalised
Apathy
(Internal withdrawal)
Fig. 18.2 Causes of Demotivation
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Self-actualisation needs
Which is represented through the following diagram
(i) Psychological needs: includes the need for food, water air and sex.
(ii) Safety needs: Includes the need for security and stability as well as freedom from fear or threat.
(iii) Social needs: includes need for friendship, affection acceptance and interaction with othes.
(iv) Esteem needs: includes both a need for personal feelings of achievement or self-esteem and a
need for recognition or respect from others.
(v) Self-actualisation needs: includes feelings of self-fulfillment and the realisation of one’s potential.
Maslow contended that a “lower” need must be realatively satisfied before the next “higher”need can
motivate the person.
For Ex: A person’s safety needs would have to be generally satisfied before the next level of need
can motivate his behaviour.
Maslow believed that the drive to self actualise was universal, but that it is only rarely reached and
never fully fulfilled.
Eco Needs
Social Needs
Safety Needs
Psychological Needs
Fig. 18.3 Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Self - Actualisation Needs
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