3 Groups of Motivational Theories

• MOTIVATION

Definition of Motivation

• Motivation - the process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behavior

3 Groups of Motivational Theories

• Internal
• Suggest that variables within the individual give rise to motivation and behavior
• Example: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory
• Process
• Emphasize the nature of the interaction between the individual and the environment
• Example: Expectancy theory
• External
• Focus on environmental elements to explain behavior
• Example: Two-factor theory

Early Philosophers of Motivational Theories

• Max Weber—work contributes to salvation; Protestant work ethic
• Sigmund Freud—delve into the unconscious mind to better understand a person’s motives and needs
• Adam Smith—“enlightened” self-interest; that which is in the best interest and benefit to the individual and to other people
• Frederick Taylor—founder of scientific management; emphasized cooperation between management and labor to enlarge company profits