3 Groups of Motivational Theories

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

• Physiological

• Safety & Security

• Love (Social)

• Esteem

• SA

• Lowest to highest order

Motivational Theories X & Y

• Physiological

• Safety & Security

• Love (Social)

• Esteem

• SA

• Theory Y - a set of assumptions of how to manage individuals motivated by higher order needs

• Theory X - a set of assumptions of how to manage individuals motivated by lower order needs

McGregor’s Assumptions About People Based on Theory X

• Naturally indolent
• Lack ambition, dislike responsibility, and prefer to be led
• Inherently self-centered and indifferent to organizational needs
• Naturally resistant to change
• Gullible, not bright, ready dupes

• Adapted from Table 5.1 which is from “The Human Side of Enterprise” by Douglas M. McGregor, reprinted from Management Review, November 1957. Copyright 1957 American Management Association International. Reprinted by permission of American Management Association International, New York, NY. All rights reserved. http://www.amanet.org.