Lexical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices

Classification of Lexical 
Stylistic Devices 
primary 
dictionary and 
contextually 
imposed 
meanings
logical 
and 
emotive
primary and 
derivative logical 
meanings
logical and 
nominative

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37 
 
Classification of Lexical Stylistic Devices 
The interaction of 
different types of 
lexical meaning. 
 
 
Intensification of a 
feature 
 
 
Peculiar use of 
set expressions 
 
a) primary dictionary 
and contextually 
imposed meanings 
(metaphor, 
metonymy, irony); 
b) primary and 
derivative logical 
meanings (zeugma 
and pun); 
c) logical and emotive 
(epithet, oxy’moron); 
d) logical and 
nominative 
(antonomasia); 
 
 
simile, 
hyperbole, 
periphrasis 
 
clichés, 
proverbs, 
epigram, 
quotations 
A metaphor is a relation between the dictionary and contextual logical meanings 
based on the affinity or similarity of certain properties or features of the two 
corresponding concepts. 
Metonymy is based on a different type of relation between the dictionary and 
contextual meanings, a relation based not on affinity, but on some kind of association 
connecting the two concepts which these meanings represent on a proximity 

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38 
Also, the wide variety of poetic œuvres certainly calls for cross-validations of 
findings with different text material and in different languages—including prose as 
well as everyday written and spoken language.
18
Further, also the choice of textual 
measures could still be extended—for example, integrating morphemic and 
syntactic text levels—and refined—for example in terms of the inter-lexical 
measures. The merit of this study might thus just lie in having made first 
explorative steps toward investigating—or having opened initial insights on—text-
18
Alemi M, Tajeddin Z (2020) Reflection and good language teachers. In: Griffiths C, Tajeddin Z (eds) Lessons 
from good language teachers. pp. 41–53 
Irony is a stylistic device also based on the simultaneous realization of two logical 
meanings - dictionary and contextual, but the two meanings are in opposition to each 
other. 
Simile. The intensification of some feature of the concept is realized in a device called 
simile. Similes set one object against another regardless of the fact that they may be 
completely alien to each other. 
Periphrasis - is a round - about way of speaking used to name some object or 
phenomenon. Longer-phrase is used instead of a shorter one. Some periphrasis are 
traditional.