Lexical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices

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lexical emotive means and stylistic devices.
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The theoretical significance of the work is devoted information about The 
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The practical value of the course paper is about value The lexical emotive 
means and stylistic devices giving thorough data about specific features of them . 
The sources of the course paper are scientific books and journals, which 
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The structure of the course paper consists of introduction, two chapter, 
involving four sub parts, the conclusion, bibliography. 
 
 
 
 

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CHAPTER I. LEXICAL EXPRESSIVE MEANS AND STYLISTIC 
DEVICES 
1.1. Interaction of primary dictionary and contextually imposed meaning 
The some may be said about syntax. The typical structural features of oral 
speech (violation of word order, omission of some parts of the sentence, repetition 
of certain words etc) may be intensified and promoted to a generalized status. Such 
SDs as inversion, parallel constructions, chiasmus is the result of these stylistic 
transformations.
1
It is important to know that the stylistic use of EM must not necessarily lead 
to the formation of an SD. For example, repetition is widely used in folk song and 
poetry and in oral speech to make our speech emotional and expressive, but we 
can’t say that in such cases we use a SD.
 
When the weather is wet 
We must not fret,- 
When the weather is cold 
We must not scold 
When the weather is warm 
We must not storm.
 
“Oltin edim, chuyan bo`ldim 
Dono edim, somon bo`ldim 
Qimmat edim, arzon bo`ldim 
G`amga qolgan, ravshan bo`ldim.
Thus we may draw the conclusion that EM are the facts of the language, 
while SDs are the property of the speech. They are the creation of individuals 
(writers and poets) and are based on the peculiarities of existing EM of the 
language. This is in short the difference between EM and SD. 
While speaking about SD we must always remember: the force of one and the 
same SD may be different. In some cases the emotive charge may be very strong, 
1
Suvorova EV, Polyakova LS (2018) Types of inferences in discourse. Arab World Engl J 9(1):294–306. 

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in others it may be weak. It depends on the use of a SD in one and the same 
function. Due to the overuse of the SD it may become hackneyed, trite and looses 
its freshness and brightness; 
In the first case we have trite SDs, in the second-fresh, genuine SD.
Speaking about SDs we must mention the cases when two or more EM or SD 
meet at one point, it one utterance. Such clusters of SDs are called convergence. 
“Together each SD adds its expressivity to that of the others. In general, the effects 
of these SDs converge into one especially striking emphasis” (M. Riffaterre) For 
example: When everyone had recovered George said; “She put in her thumb and 
pulled out a plum”. Then away we were into our merciless hacking- hecking 
laughter again. (S.M.Maugham).
Mushtipar opalarimiz, fidoyi yanga va singillarimiz tiriklikning tuganmas 
yumushlari deb o`n besh-yigirma yoshlaridayoq “Qush uyqu”, o`ttiz yoshlarida esa 
o`tin bo`lib qolmoqdalar…(Saodat jurnalidan) 
In this Uzbek examples mushtipar, fidoyi, yumush, qush uyqu, o`tin is 
convergence.
In English examples we find the convergence of several SDs: decomposition 
of a proverb (to put one’s thumb into smth), a bring case of an onomatopoeia in the 
function of an epithet (Hacking-hecking), inversion (adverbial modifier stand 
before the subject).
Transferred meaning is the interrelation between two types of the lexical 
meaning: dictionary and contextual. The contextual meaning always depends on 
the dictionary meaning. But when the deviation is very great that it ven causes an 
unexpected turn in the logical meaning, we register a stylistic device. In other 
words we may say: when we witness two meanings of the word realized 
simultaneously we are confronted with a SD, where two meanings interact.
Words in context, as has been pointed out, may acquire additional lexical 
meanings not fixed in dictionaries, what we have called contextual meanings. The 
latter may sometimes deviate from the dictionary meaning to such a degree that the 
new meaning even becomes the opposite of the primary meaning, as, for example, 

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with the word sophisticated. This is especially the case when we deal with 
transferred meanings.
What is known in linguistics as transferred meaning is practically the 
interrelation between two types of lexical meaning: dictionary and contextual. The 
contextual meaning will always depend on the dictionary (logical) meaning to a 
greater or lesser extent. When the deviation from the acknowledged meaning is 
carried to a degree that it causes an unexpected turn in the recognized logical 
meanings, we register a stylistic device. 
The transferred meaning of a word may be fixed in dictionaries as a result of 
long and frequent use of the word other than in its primary meaning. In this case 
we register a derivative meaning of the word.
2
The term 'transferred' points to the 
process of formation of the derivative meaning. Hence the term 'transferred' should 
be used, to our mind, as a lexicographical term signifying diachronically the 
development of the semantic structure of the word. In this case we do not perceive 
two meanings. 
When, however, we perceive two meanings of a word simultaneously, we are 
confronted with a stylistic device in which the two meanings interact. 
The interaction or interplay between the primary dictionary meaning (the 
meaning which is registered in the language code as an easily recognized sign for 
an abstract notion designating a certain phenomenon or object) and a meaning 
which is imposed on the word by a micro-context may be maintained along 
different lines. One line is when the author identifies two objects which have 
nothing in common, but in which he subjectively sees a function, or a property, or 
a feature, or a quality that may make the reader perceive these two objects as 
identical. Another line is when the author finds it possible to substitute one object 
for another on the grounds that there is some kind of interdependence or 
interrelation between the two corresponding objects. A third line is when a certain 
property or quality of an object is used in an opposite or contradictory sense. 
2
Sahmeni E, Afifah N (2019) Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in media discourse studies: unmask the 
mass media. REiLA 1(2):39–45. 

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The stylistic device based on the principle of identification of two objects is 
called a metaphor. The SD based on the principle of substitution of one object for 
another is called metonymy and the SD based on contrary concepts is called irony. 
Let us now proceed with a detailed analysis of the ontology, structure and 
functions of these stylistic devices. 
The relations between different types of lexical meanings may be, based on 
various principles:
1) The principle of affinity-metaphor,
2) The principle of contiguity-metonymy 
3) The principle of opposition-irony.
As it has been stated above the lexical meanings of a word comprise various 
meanings. But the difference between these meanings is not great and unexpected. 
In most cases these meanings appear on the principal of affinity existing between 
the notions and objects surrounding us.
The interaction or interplay between the primary dictionary meaning-the 
meaning which is registered in the language code as an easily recognized sign for 
an abstract notion designating a certain phenomenon or object-and a meaning 
which is imposed on the word by a micro-context may be maintained along 
different lines. One line is when the author identifies two objects which have 
nothing is common, but in which he subjectively sees a function, or a property, or a 
feature, or a quality that may make the reader perceive these two objects as 
identical. Another line is when the author finds it possible to substitute one object 
for another on the grounds that there is some kind of interdependence or 
interrelation between the two corresponding objects. A third line is when a certain 
property or contradictory sense.
The stylistic device based on the principle of identification of two objects is 
called a metaphor. The SD based on the principle of substitution of one object for 
another is called metonymy and the SD based on contrary concepts is called irony.