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De Serrano and Burkhart
J Nanobiotechnol (2017) 15:83
vesicle lamellarity characteristics against antibody for-
mation enhancement [
42
]. Liposomes composed of leci-
thin, dicetyl phosphate and cholesterol were prepared in
the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Animals
injected with blank liposomes (no BSA) did not generate
a significant immune response, as predicted. However,
animals injected with BSA-loaded unilamellar vesicles
(ULVs) generated strong immune responses compared
with multilamellar vesicles (MLVs). Another seminal arti-
cle presents the co-formulation or adsorption of bovine
herpesvirus 1 proteins to large unilamellar (LUVs) and
multilamellar (MLVs) liposomes composed of phosphati-
dylcholine (PC) as the main lipid component [
43
]. Strong
antibody titers were detected in animals injected with
LUVs prepared with virus proteins (both adsorbed and
co-formulated) and egg PC. Recently, another study dem-
onstrated the effects of the lamellar state for liposomes
in subunit vaccines to induce immune responses [
44
].
SUVs with ovalbumin (OVA) induced greater levels of
CD8
+
IFN-γ responses against the protein in the spleen.
Researchers added TLR3 and nine agonists, enhanc-
ing the immune responses in MLVs but not SUVs. Alto-
gether, the studies demonstrate the effect of lamellarity
of liposomes in immune responses, being SUVs the pre-
ferred state to potentiate innate and adaptive responses
which improves vaccine efficacy.
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