4. Shu hududlarga xos asosiy me’moriy inshootlar tahlili 0 ‘rta asr me’morligining o‘ziga xos ko‘rinishi Buddizm dini bilan bog'liq me’morlik san’atida ham o‘z ifodasini topdi. Dastlab ffindis- tonda paydo bo‘lgan, keyin Shrilanka, Indoneziya, Tibet, Xitoy, Kore ya, Yapon iy a va boshka Sharq davlatlariga tarqalgan bu din ta’siri da Buddizm me’morligi shakllandi. Bu me’morlik uslubi buddizm dinini targ‘ib qiluvchi san’at sifatida mashhur. Bu binolar me’morligi avvallari yaxlit toshlardan g‘or shaklida o‘yilib ishlangan. Bunday binolarda odamlar va hayvonlaming xaykallari bo‘rttirib yasalgan va bino qiyofasi budda g‘oyasiga moslashgan bo‘lib, uni iloxiylash- tirgan284. VII asr hind me’morligi, asosan, Madoras yaqinidagi Mamal- lapurama shaharchasida to‘plangan. Bu yodgorliklar kompleksi katta qoyalarni yo'nish asosida yaratilgan hamda g‘orga ishlangan ibodatxonalardan, qoya sathida ishlangan Gangning pastga tu-shishi" m A World Histoiy o f architecture. Marian Moffet, Michail W Fario, Lawrence Wodehouse. London . 2003.P
78(B uddhist г е ^ ю ш arch itectu re developed in the Indian Subcontinent in the 3rd century BCE. Three types
o f
structures are associated with die religious architecture o f early Buddhism: monasteries (viharasV places to venerate
relics (gtupas>. and shrines or prayer halls fchaitvas also called
chaitya grihas), which later came to be called temples
m some places. Viharas initially were only temporary shelters used by wandering monks during the rainy season, but
litter were developed to accommodate the growing and increasingly formalised Buddhist ipnnyariqigm. An existing
ehample is atNalanda (BtharV A distinctive type o f fortress architecture found in the former and present Buddhist
kingdoms o f the Himalayas are dzonys. I b e initial function o f a stupa was the veneration and safe-guarding o f the
relics o f the Buddha, The earliest surviving ehample o f a stupa is in Sanchi (Madhva Pradesh). In accordance with
changes in religious practice, stupas were gradually incorporated into cbaitya-grihas (prayer hails). These reached
their high point in die 1st century BC, exemplified by the cave complexes o f Aianta and EllorafMaharashtra
). The Mahabodhi Temple at BodhG ava in Bihar is another well known ehample.)