rocaille
so‘zidan olingan
boiib, taroshlangan tosh, chig'anoq, bezakli chig‘anoq degan
ma’nolami bildiradi. San’atda uslub sifatida ilk bora Fransiyada XVIII
asming birinchi yarmida vujudga kela boshlaydi. Dastawal Rokayl deb
atalgan bu uslub XIX asr o‘rtalaridan boshlab rokoko deb yuritila
boshlanadi. Uning xarakterli xususiyatlari nafislik, interyer va
kompozitsiyaning bezakka boyligi, naqshlar ritmining latifligi va
mifologiyaga murojatning ko‘pligida seziladi. Yaxshilab nazar solinsa
barokko va rokoko butun lay bir biridan farq qiladi. Bu uslub asosan
zodagonlar qatlamiga xizmat qilgan416.
Barokkoda maxobatli xashamdorlikka qiziqish kuchli boigan
boisa, rokokoda asosan yengillik va nafislikka intalishgan. Barokko-
dan farqli oiaroq rokokoda och. yorqin ranglar. Masalan, pushti, moviy
ranglar qoilanilgan. To‘g‘ri liniyalar egiluvchan naqshlar bilan yopib
yuborilgan. Ornamentida esa asosan chig‘anoq va gullar o‘rin olgan.
Meemorchilikda kamiz texnikasi keng yoyilgan. Me’moriy yechimda
esa rokoko o‘zining burchakda joylashgan yartmaylana, kichikkina
xonalari bilan xarakterlidir. Devorlar qator joylashgan pannolarga
boiinadi, kolonnalar bir tekisda boimaydi, goh yo‘g‘on, goh ingichka.
4,5 455Histoiy o f Architecture A.D.F.Hamlin. A. M. Professor o f the history o f Architecture in the school of
Architecture, COLUMBIA, UNIVERSIRY, 1998 SEVENTH EDITION. P 16O(0omeii<» Fontana (1543 - 28 June
1607) wa3 an Italian architect o f the late Renaissance, bom in today’s Ticino. He worked primarily in Italy, at Rome
and Naples. Among
profane buildings his strong restrained style,
with its suggestion from
Jacooo В а т т
da Vignola.
is best exemplified in the Latcran Palace (begun in 1586), in which the vigorous application o f sound structural
principles and a power o f co-ordination are undeniable, but also the utter lack o f imagination and barren monotony of
style. It was characteristic o f him to remain satisfied with a single solution to an architectural problem, as shown in
the feet that he reapplied the m otif o f die Lateran Palace in the later part o f the Vatican containing the present papal
residence, and in the additions to the Ouirinal Palace. Fontana also designed the transverse arms separating the courts
o f die Vatican)
416
THE VISUAL ARTS: A HISTORY Hugh Honour, John Fleming. In memory o f John Cahnann Copyright ©1982,
1991, 1995,2000 Fleming - Honour Ltd.Prentice Hall Inc.ADivison o f Person EducalionUpper Saddle River, New
Jersey 07458p-199-200. P 624( Rococo, less commonly rocceco, or "Late Baroque”, is an l&h-centtuy artistic
movement and style, affecting many aspects o f the arts including painting, sculpture, architecture, interior
design, decoration, literature, music, and theatre. It developed in tbs early 18th century in Paris, France as a reaction
against the grandeur, symmetjy, and strict regulations o f the Baroque, especially o f the Palace o f Уег-таДЦа Rococo
artists and architects used a more jocular, florid, and graceful approach to the Baroque. Their style was ornate and
used light colours, asymmetrical designs, curves, and gold. Unlike the political Baroque, the Rococo had playful and
witty themes. The interior decoration o f Rococo rooms was designed as a total work o f art with elegant and ornate
furniture, small sculptures, ornamental mirrors, and tapestrvcomplemenling architecture, reliefs, and wall paintings.)
Ko‘p hollarda kolonna va pilyastrlar o‘miga lenta o‘rimini eslatuvchi
ganchkor bezak ishlatilgan. Kapitel qismida esa gajakdor relyeflar,
niqoblar, qalqon tasviri, girlyand va festondan foydalanilgan. Darvoqe,
mitti gajakdor o'rimlar rokokoning asosiy elementi hisoblangan.
Rokoko uslubinig etaloni sifatida Sharlottenburg saroyini, Kichik
Trianonni va Nansi shahridagi uch maydon ansamblini keltirib o'tish
mumkin417.
Seminar savollari
1. Barokkoning uslubiy jihatlarini ta’riflab bering.
2. Shaharsozlik me’morchiligida qanday yangiliklar yuzaga
kelgan?
3. Barokko davrining asosiy xususiyatlari va qurilish texnikasi
qanday boigan?
4. F.Borromini, K.Moderna, L.Bernini ijodi haqida nimalami
bilasiz?
5. Rokkoko uslubini asosiy ko'rinishlari.
Glossariy
Barokko - XVII asrda Yevropa me’morchiligida taraqqiy topgan
Barokko usuli. Uyg‘onish davrining oxirida Germaniya, Avstriya va
Italiyada cherkov, monastir va saroylar qurishda shu usulga ko‘p
murojaat etilgan. Unda tuxumsimon yuzalar, burama yuzalar, hamda
bezak, xaykal, shuningdek, ranglaming keng ishlatilishi o'ziga xos
xususiyatdir. Bu usul keyinroq Rokoko deb atalgan418.
4,7 THE VISUAL ARTS: A HISTORY Hugh Honour, John Fleming. Jn
memory
o f John Cahnann Copyright ©19SZ
1991, 1995, 2000 Fleming — Honour LtdJPrentice Hall Inc.ADivison o f Person EducationUpper-Saddle River, New
Jersey 07458p-199-200. P 624 (C h arlo tten b u rg Palace (German:
Schloss Charlottenburg)
is the largest palace
palace was built1 at die end o f the 17th century and was greatly expanded during the 18th century. It includes much
exotic internal d eco raao n itibaroque and rococo styles. A large formal garden surrounded by woodland was added
behind the palace, including a belvedere, a mausoleum, a theatre and a paviHon. During the Second World War, the
palace was badly damaged but has since been reconstructed. The palace with its gardens are a major tourist attraction.
was then the village o f Lietzow. Originally named
Lietzenburg,
the palace was designed hv fobann Arnold
Nermg in baroauestvle. It consisted o f one wing and was built in 2
V*
storeys with a central cupola. The facade was
decorated withCorinthian pilasters. On the top was a comice on which were statues. At the rear in the centre o f the
palace were two oval halls, die upper one being a ceremonial hall and the lower giving access to die gardens. Nering
died during the construction o f die palace and the work was completed by Martin Gritoberg and Andreas SchlQter.
The inauguration o f the palace was celebrated on 11 July 1699, Frederick's 42nd birthday.)
M.Curil. The illustrated dictionary o f architecture. Nyu York. 2004. P.52
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