uslubida ishlangan peripter qabul qilingan, lekin unga qisman ion orderining elementlari kiritilgan123. Parfenon qarshisidagi Erexteon ibodatxonasi me’mor Mnesikl tomonidan er. av. IV asrda qurilgan bo‘lib, unda ion orderi ishlatilgan. Ibodatxona kichiq peshayvonning ustunlari o‘mida kariatidalar deb nomlangan qizlar xaykali bo‘lib, ulaming peshayvon tomirii ko‘tarib turgan paytlari tasvirlangan. Eramizdan avalgi V asr so‘nggiga kelib, quldorlik demokratiyasi inqirozga yuz tuta boshiadi124. Arzon qo‘l mehnatining ko‘payishi erkin grajdanlar-dehqon va hunarmandlaming ahvolini og‘irlashtira boshiadi. Ular arzon qo‘i mehnati bilan raqobatlasha oimas edilar. Mulkiy tengsizlik keskin- lashadi, sotsial konflikt kuchayadi. Afina va Pelopones orasida boshlangan o‘zaro urush bu inqirozni yanada kuchaytirdi. Makedo- niyalik Iskandar bu inqirozdan foydalanib, grek polislarini o‘z davlatiga qo'shib oldi, shu bilan klassika davri o‘zini umrini tugatdi. Polislaming inqirozga yuz tutishi san’atda ham yuksak idea- llarning yo‘q bo‘lishiga, inson kuchi va go‘zalligiga bo‘lgan ishonchini yuqolishiga sabab b o ia boshiadi. Endilikda shaxsiy manfaat ijtimoiy manfaatdan ustun kela boshiadi. Albatta bu davrda inson qiyofasini tas- virlash, uning go‘zalligini qo‘ylash san’atda bosh mavzu bo‘lib qoldi. Keyinchalik me’morchilikda ibodatxonalar qurilishi kamaydi, aksincha, katta tomashagohlar, ijtimoiy binolar yaratildi. Bular ichida Epidavrdagi teatr diqqatga molikdir. Tepalik yon bag‘riga ishlangan bu teatr bir vaqtning o‘zida bir necha ming tomashabinni sig‘dira olgan. ]- 3
Auguste Choisy. The World History o f Architecture. London. 2009. P-220. (Опост Шуази. Всеобщая история
архитектуры. ООО Издательство ЭКСМО 2009 китобининг рус тилидаги талкинидан фоядаланилган)(
ТЪе Partbenoa (/“pq:rifo non -пап/: Ancient Greek: Паовеуюу: Modem Greek: Ilaptev&va;) is a former temple on
theAthenian Acropolis. Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron.
Construction began in 447 BC when the Athenian Empire was at the peak of its power. It was completed in 438 BC
although decoration o f the building continued until 432 BC. It is the most important surviving building o f Classical
Greece, generally considered the zenith of the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high
points of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece, Athenian
democracy and western civilization.*^ and one of the world's greatest cultural monuments. The Greek Ministry of
Culture is currently carrying out a program of selective restoration and reconstruction to ensure the stability o f the