Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services

3. Value added 
4.58.  The 1993 SNA defines gross value added of an 
establishment, enterprise, industry or sector as the 
amount by which the value of the outputs produced 
exceeds the value of the intermediate inputs consumed.  
A related concept, “net value added”, is defined as gross 
value added less the consumption of fixed capital.  Gross 
value added can provide information about the 
contribution of foreign affiliates to host country gross 
domestic product, both in the aggregate and in specific 
industries.  For this reason and because it may often be 
easier to compute (because it does not require estimation 
of capital consumption) and is thus more widely 
available, the higher priority should be accorded to the 
gross measure of value added. 
4.59.  Although it is defined in terms of outputs and 
intermediate inputs, value added is also equal to the sum 

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of primary incomes generated in production 
(compensation of employees, profits etc.).  In some 
cases, depending on the particular data that are available, 
this equivalence may be exploited in deriving estimates 
of value added.  This alternative could be chosen, for 
example, if data on intermediate consumption were 
lacking but information on the various incomes 
generated in production were available. 
4.60.  Because it includes only the portion of the firm’s 
output that originates within the firm itself, value added 
is a particularly useful measure from the perspectives of 
both GATS and globalization analysis.  It is for this 
reason that it has been included among the “basic” 
FATS variables, even though, as a measure that may 
have to be estimated or derived from other variables, it 
may be among the more difficult variables to compile.  
For inward FATS, value added will often be available 
from regular industrial or enterprise surveys, but for 
outward FATS it may have to be derived from other 
variables.