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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- THE CONNECTION BETWEEN MICRO AND MACRO PHYSICS
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Cədvəl 1. Thr1-Pro2-Ala3-Glu4-Asp5-Phe6-Met7-Arg8-Phe9-NH
2 molekulunun və onun [MeGlu3],. [MeAsp5].analoqlarının konformasiyalarının nisbi enerjiləri
№ K o n f o r m a s i y a Təbii molekul
[MeGlu3] analoqu
[MeAsp5] analoqu
1 B 23 RB 2 B 21 B 2 R 2 B 33 B 31 B 3 0 1.0
3 2 B
23 RB 2 B 21 B 2 R 2 B 33 R 22 R 3 4.3 0.1
8.2 3 B
23 RB 2 B 21 B 2 R 2 R 21 R 33 B 1 6.4 * * 4 B 23 RB 2 B 21 B 2 B 2 B 21 R 21 R 3 7.6
0 0 5 B 23 RB 2 B 21 B 2 B 2 B 23 B 21 B 1 9.3 * 2.2 6 B 31 RR 1 R 32 B 2 R 2 B 33 B 31 B 3 1.6
* * 7 B 31 RR 1 R 32 B 2 R 2 B 33 R 22 R 3 5.3 * * 8 B 32 BR 3 B 32 B 3 R 2 B 33 B 31 B 3 3.2
* 5.7
9 B 33 BR 1 R 32 R 2 R 2 B 33 R 22 R 3 3.9
* * 10 B 32 RR 3 B 31 B 1 R 2 B 33 R 22 R 3 5.4 1.6
* 11 B
32 RR 3 B 31 B 1 R 2 R 21 R 33 B 1 7.3 * * Cədvəl 1-dəki * işarəsi ilə göstərilmiş konformasiyalar sferik cəhətdən mümkün olmamışdır. [MeAsp5] analoqunun da fəza quruluşu təbii nonapeptid molekulunun stabil konformasiyaları əsasında öyrənilmişdir. Təbii nonapeptid molekulunun və [MeAsp5] -analoqunun stabil konformasiyaları və nisbi enerjiləri cədvəl 1-də göstərilmişdir. [MeAsp5] analoqunun ən stabil konformasiyası B 23 RB 2 B 21 B 2 B 2 B 21 R 21 R 3 -dır (cədvəl 1). Həmin konformasiyanın təbii molekulda nisbi enerjisi 7.6 kkal/mol idi. [MeAsp5] analoqunun digər stabil konformasiyası B 23 RB 2 B 21 B 2 B 2 B 23 B 21 B 1 (E
n =2.2 kkal/mol)-dır. Həmin konformasiyanın təbii molekulda nisbi enerjisi 9.3 kkal/mol idi. Təbii molekulun on dörd stabil konformasiyasından altısı [MeAsp5] analoqu üçün yüksəkenerjili olmuşdur. [MeAsp5] analoqunun fəza quruluşunun hesablanması göstərir ki, təbii molekulun stabil konformasiyaları arasında diferensiasiya gedir və analoq təbii molekulun yalnız müəyyən funksiyalarını yerinə yetirə bilər.
4. G.Gazzamli, CJ.Grimmelikhuijzen. Molecular cloning and functional expression of the first insect FMRFamide receptor.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci USA,V.99(19),p.12073-8,2002 5. BF.Maynard, C.Bass, C.Katanski, K. Thakur, B.Manoogian, M.Leander, R.Nichols. Structure Activity Relationships of FMRF-NH2 peptides demonstrate a role for the conserved C terminus and unique N-terminal extension in modulating cardiac contractility. Plos One, V.8(9),p75502,2013 6. Ш.Н.гаджиева,Н.А.Ахмедов, Н.М.Годжаев Spatial structure of Thr1-Pro2-Ala3-Glu4-Asp5-Phe6-Met7-Arg8- Phe9-NH
2 molecule Biophysics V58,N4,p.457-459,2013
II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF YOUNG RESEARCHERS 51
Qafqaz University 18-19 April 2014, Baku, Azerbaijan THE CONNECTION BETWEEN MICRO AND MACRO PHYSICS
Goethe University a.rustamov@cern.ch GERMANY
The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible Albert Einstein. What is the world that surrounds us is made of and what are the most fundamental constituents of matter? These kinds of questions are being asked since many centuries. Alas, up till now we do not have anything that could be called a final answer. The word “Micro” in the title of this presentation refers to the physics of fundamental particles, the smallest things in the universe; whereas “Macro” stands for physics of biggest things – the universe itself. That may sound bit strange. The aim of this presentation is to show that the physics of the microscopic world plays an essential role in determining the nature of the universe on its largest scales. Gravitational interactions are essential in the large-scale behavior of the universe. One of the greatest achievements of Newtonian mechanics was the understanding of the motion of planets in the solar system. Until the beginning of the 20 th
century is was believed that the universe was static, i.e., there is no overall expansion or contraction of the universe. This has a direct conflict with the Newtonian gravitation low. Indeed, gravitational interactions also should operate on larger astronomical systems, including stars, galaxies etc. Why is then the gravity does not pull everything to one big clump? Analysis of redshifts from many distant galaxies led Edwin Hubble to a remarkable conclusion. The speed of recession of a galaxy is proportional to its distance from us. This low suggests that at some point in the past, all the matter in the universe was more concentrated than it is today. Formulated other way around, the universe was blown apart in an immense explosion called the Big Bang. In contrast to Newtonian concepts, the general theory of relativity takes a radically different view of the expansion. According to this theory, redshifts observed by Hubble stem from the expansion of the space itself and everything in the intergalactic space. By exploiting the general theory of relativity together with the Hubble low it is possible to show that in its first ten microseconds our universe was in a state for which the existence of individual hadrons is not really conceivable. Nowadays we take that primordial medium to consist of deconfined quarks and gluons and define the time up to 10 microseconds as the quark era. Only at the end of this era hadrons were formed. Experimentally these cosmological conditions are being reproduced in different heavy-ion laboratories. Exploration of the properties of these “cosmic matters” in laboratories may shed light on different aspects of the evolution of the universe. Indeed, in the realm of high temperature and/or density the fundamental degrees of freedom of the strong interactions come into play. By colliding heavy-ions at different energies one hopes to heat and/or compress the matter to energy densities at which a transition from matter consisting of confined baryons and mesons to a state of liberated quarks and gluons (deconfined phase) begins. However, the proof of the existence of the deconfined phase is challenging. The situation is much similar to reconstruction of the cosmological Big Bang from observables like Hubble expansion, the cosmic microwave background and the abundance of light atomic nuclei. The idea is to look for energy dependence of different observables measured in nucleus-nucleus collisions. At the onset energy, when the transition to the anticipated Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) phase sets in, structures in the excitation functions of these observables are predicted. In this contribution energy dependence of several measures are discussed. Moreover, similarities between macro and microphysics will be highlighted.
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