m u m k i n . O l i n g a n m a h s u l o t q o r a rangli ( t a r k ib i da 10 ( m ) % g a ya q i n
koks b o ‘lgani u c h u n ) ,
k u k u n h o l d a boMib, u n i n g t a r ki bi d a reaksiyaga
kirisha o l m a y qol gan kalsiy ka r bid in in g b o ‘lishi k a t t a x a v f t u g ‘dir adi ,
c h u n k i m a h s u l o t o m b o r x o n a l a r d a s a q l a n g a n d a , a t m o s fe r a havosidagi
suv b u g ‘lari bilan re aksi yaga kiri shadi va a s et i l en g az ini hosil qiladi:
C a C 2 + 2 H 20 = C a ( O H ) 2 + C 2H 2 + 136 kJ
(2. 11)
Hosil b o ‘lgan a se ti len a t m o s f e r a h a v o s i da g i k i sl or od b i lan j u d a
ki chi k u c h q u n m a v j ud b o ' l g a n t a q d i r d a k u c h l i p o r t l as h j a r a y o n i n i
s o d i r qilishi m u m k i n :
C 2H 2 4- 2 , 5 0 2 = 2 C 0 2 + H 20 + Q 3
(2. 12)
S u n d a y salbiy h o l a t l a r d a n q u t u l i s h n i n g asosi y y o ‘l l a r i d a n biri —
bu t a r k i b i d a kalsiy kar bidi u m u m a n b oMma g a n va b o s h q a a r a l a s h -
mal ar i j u d a oz m i q d o r d a b o ‘lgan yuqor i sifatli kalsiy s i an a mi d i ishlab
c h i q a r i s h g a er ishishdir.
Bu izl ani shl ar ni ng a y r i ml a r i d a k o ‘pl ab m i q d o r d a va n i s b t an a r z o n
n a r x l a r d a ishlab c h i q a r i l a y o t g a n a m m i a k n i q o ‘llash k o ‘z d a tut il gan.
0 ‘z v a q t i d a kalsiy s i a n a m i d i a m m i a k i shlab c h i q a r i s h u c h u n x o m
a s h y o b o ‘lgan b o ' l s a ,
X X asr ga kelib esa, a k s i n c h a , a m m i a k kalsiy
s i a n a m i d i ol i sh u c h u n x o m a s h y o vazif asini o ‘t a m o q d a . B u n g a a s o
siy saba b, kalsiy s i a n a m i d i n i y u q o r i d a b a y o n et il ga n i de k , b o s h q a
azotli b i r i k m a l a r d a n t u b d a n farq q i luvchi b o g ‘l a n g a n azot m a h s ul o t i
ekanligidir.
X I X a s r n i n g b o s h l a r i d a n t oki s h u v a q t g a q a d a r b u b o r a d a kalsiy
s i a n a m i d i o l i s h n i n g m u t l a q yangi progr essi v usuli — ka r bi d s iz usul
b il an ol ish b o ' y i c h a b i r q a t o r i zl an is hl ar olib b o r i l m o q d a .
A n a s h u n d a y ilmiy i z l an i s hl ar da n biri T o s h k e n t p o l i t e x n i ka insti-
t u t i n i n g k i m y o - t e x n o l o g i y a f a k u l t e t i d a , h o z i r g i T o s h k e n t k i m y o
t e x n o l o g i y a i n s t i t u t i d a p r o f e s s or S.A. Sitov v a Z . M .
Le y k i nl a r ilm
r a h b a r l i g i d a u c h xil y o ‘nal ishdagi u s ul l ar b o ‘y i c h a olib bor i lgandi r.
B i r i n c h i y o ' n a l i s h ikki b o s q i c h (2, 6 va 2 , 13 ki my ov iy r e aksi ya-
l ar) dan iborat b o ‘lib, 2,13 reaksiya b o ‘yi cha 973 К d a kalsiy oksididan
1173 К
C a C 0 3 —
C a O + C 0 2 - 177, 9 kJ
(2.6)
C a O + 2 C O + 2 N H 3
C a C N 2 + C 0 2 + 2 H 2 + H 20 + Q 4 (2.13)
o q rangli, y u q o r i sifatli b o g ‘l a n g a n a z o t m i q d o r i 2 8 — 30% d a n k am
e m a s , d o n a d o r kalsiy s i a n a m i d i olish b ir q a t o r t ex n o l og i k omillar i
R.I. D a y c h i t o m o n i d a n o ‘r ga nil ga n. Bu i z l a n i s h l a r d a n k at a l i za t o r
sifatida j u d a k a m m i q d o r d a b o ‘lsa h a m kalsiy xloridi va mag n i y oksidi
62
ishlatilgan. B u esa o l i n g a n m a h s u l o t n i b o s h qa ki myoviy b i ri kmal ar ga
q a y t a i s hl as hd ag i y a g o n a k amchi li gi dir .
I k k i nc h i y o ‘n al is h b o ‘y i c h a kalsiy k a r b o n a t i va h a r xil o h a k t o s h -
l a r d a n 1073 К d a h e c h q a n d a y k a t a l i z a t o r i s h l ag a n d a y kalsiy s i a n a
m i d i n i b i r b o s q i c h d a (2. 14)
reaksiyasi
1073 К
C a C 0 3 + 2 C O + 2 N H 3 —
C a C N 2 + 2 C 0 2 + 2 H 2 + H 20 - Q 5.
or qa li olish b o ‘lib, b u n d a m a ’l u m i jrochi Sh.A. Y a k u b o v t o m o n i
d a n b u u s u l n i n g b i r q a t o r t e x n o l o g i k va ki ne t i k o m i l l a r i o ‘rganilib,
y u q o r i d a k o ‘ r s a t i l g a n i d e k sifatli m a h s u l o t o l i n g a n . Bu u s u l n i n g
a f z al l i k l a r i d a n y a n a biri e n e rg iy a s ar fi ning ni sbiy kichikligidir.
B i r i nc h i y o ' n a l i s h n i (2. 13) reaksiyasi b o ‘y i c h a kalsiy s i an a mi d i
olish j a r a y o n i n i n g k in et i ka s in i o ‘r ga nish prof . F . M . Mi rz a ye v , dots.
S h .A . Y a k u b o v i l m i y r a h b a r l i g i d a m a s ’ul i j r o c h i A. A. P i m e n o v a
t o m o n i d a n a m a l g a oshiri ldi.
Bi rinchi v a i kkinchi y o ‘nal ishl ar b o ‘y i c h a kalsiy s ia n a mi di ol ishda
y o r d a m c h i l a r sifatida dot s. I.T. Mi rz a ye v , k a t t a o ‘q i t uv c h i Y. L. T e -
rexin va m u h a n d i s R . Z . Sayful li nla r q i s m a n i s h t i r o k et ganl ar.
U c h i n c h i y o ' n a l i s h b o ‘y i c h a h a m kalsiy s i a n a m i d i h e c h q a n d a y
k a t a l i z a t o r q o ‘l l a m ay q uy ida gi reaksiya b o ' y i c h a :
1073 К
C a O + C 0 2 + 2 N H 3 —
C a C N 2 + 3 H 20 - Q 6
(2. 15)
dots. Sh.A. Y a k u b o v
ilmiy ra h ba r l i gi da , t a d q i q o t c h i O. X. Panjiyev,
m u h a n d i s S h . S h . Y a k u b o v l a r i s ht i r o k id a olib b o r i l m o q d a .
U s h b u y o ‘n a l i s hl a r b o ' y i c h a kalsiy s i a n a m i d i o l i sh da x o m a s h y o
si fat ida k u y d i r i l m a g a n o h a k t o s h , t a r k i b i d a C O gazi b o ‘lgan t as h-
l a n d i q r e t u r gaz la r i , a m m i a k , t a s h l a n d i q C O , gaz la r i ni q o ‘llab, t a r
ki bi da h e c h q a n d a y m a x s us katal itik q o ‘s h i m c h a l a r i va kalsiy k a r
bidi b o ‘l m a g a n , rangi o q , 2 —3 m m li d o n a d o r , yuqor i sifatli —
t a r k i b i d a 8 5 — 86 ( m . ) % ( bogMangan a z o t m i q d o r i 2 9 —30 ( m . ) %
g a c h a b o ' l g a n C a C N 2) t ex ni k m a h s u l o t ol ishga er ishilgan.
Hoz i r gi
v a q t d a bu e r is hi lg a n n at ij al ar asosi da kalsiy s i a n a m i d i n i s a n o a t m i q
yo si da o l i sh ga q a r a t i l g a n ishlar olib b o r i l m o q d a .
Karbidli usul b o ‘yi cha kalsiy s ia n a mi di hozirgi v aq t da u n d a n o zod
s i a n a m i d , m e l a m i n va h o k a z o l a r n i ol ish u c h u n f aqat ay r im m a m l a -
k a t l a r d a g i n a ishl ab c h i q a r i l m o q d a , xolos. Ka rb id li usu ln i n g b u n d a y
c h e k l a n i s h i n i n g a s o s i y s a b a b i , y u q o r i d a k o ‘r s a t i b o ‘t i l g a n i d e k ,
e n e r g i y a s a r f i n i n g n i s b a t a n , g a r c h a n d b u k o ‘r s a t k i c h yoy t ur i g a
q a r a g a n d a 4 — 5 m a r t a ki chi k b o ‘lsa h a m kat tal igi dadi r.
63
BogMangan azot ishlab c h i q a r i sh n i n g u c h i n c h i usuli — bu a m m i
akli usul b o ‘lib, u e l e m e n t a r t oz a az ot bilan v o d o r o d n i 3 0 —32 M P a
bosi m 72 3—773 К t e m p e r a t u r a d a quyidagi reaksiyasiga asoslangandir:
N 2 + 3 H 2 = 2 N H 3 + 112 kJ
(2. 16)
Bu usul k a m e n er g i y a sarfiga va b i r q a t o r t e x n o l o g i k q ul ay li k l ar -
ga ega boMgani u c h u n a t m o s f e r a a z oti ni bogMashni ng b a r c h a b o s h q a
usullarini
siqib c h i q a r i b , hozirgi v a q t d a b u t u n d u n y o d a , x us us an ,
0 ‘z b e k i s t o n d a h a m e n g k o ‘p qoMlaniladi.
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