Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies International Atomic Energy Agency United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs International Energy Agency Eurostat European Environment Agency



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ECONOMIC DIMENSION 
ECO1: Energy use per capita 
Brief Definition 
Energy use in terms of total primary energy supply 
(TPES), total final consumption (TFC) and final 
electricity use per capita 
Units 
Energy: tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) per capita 
Electricity: kilowatt-hours (kWh) per capita 
Alternative Definitions 
None 
Agenda 21 
Chapter 4: Consumption and production patterns 
POLICY RELEVANCE 
(a) Purpose: This indicator measures the level of energy use on a per capita basis and 
reflects the energy-use patterns and aggregate energy intensity of a society. 
(b) Relevance to Sustainable Development: Energy is a key factor in economic 
development and in providing vital services that improve quality of life. Although 
energy is a key requirement for economic progress, its production, use and by-
products have resulted in major pressures on the environment, both by depleting 
resources and by creating pollution. On the one hand, the long-term aim is for 
development and prosperity to continue through gains in energy efficiency, rather 
than increased use, and through a transition towards the use of environmentally 
friendly energy options. On the other hand, limited access to energy is a serious 
constraint in the developing world, where the per capita use of energy is less than one-
sixth that of the industrialized world. 
(c) 
International Conventions and Agreements: Currently, there are no 
conventions or agreements that specifically refer to the regulation and/or limitation of 
energy use per capita. However, calls have been made for the prudent and rational 
utilization of natural resources (Article 174 of the Treaty Establishing the European 
Community — Nice, 2001), improved energy efficiency (The Energy Charter 
Protocol on Energy Efficiency and Related Environmental Aspects — Lisbon, 1994) 
and a switch to cleaner forms of energy. The United Nations Framework Convention 
on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol call for limitations on total 


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greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which result mainly from the combustion of fossil 
fuels. 

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