(b) National and International Data Availability and Sources: The United Nations
compiles value added at the two- or three-digit level of the International Standard
Industrial Classification (ISIC) system for developed and developing countries. The
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), as part of its
STAN database, compiles value added in manufacturing at the three- and four-digit
ISIC level for most OECD countries. The European Union produces data on value
added at the two- and three-digit level in the NACE system, and suitable bridges exist
to translate NACE into ISIC.
One persistent data problem at the aggregate level is distinguishing between ‘industry’
(ISIC, Divisions C, D, F and E) and ‘manufacturing’ (ISIC, Division D). Some
countries also lump agriculture, forestry and fishing (ISIC, Divisions A and B) into
the aggregate ‘industrial sector’ classification. For these reasons, it is strongly
recommended that data be checked to ascertain exactly what sectors are covered.
Data on final energy use are compiled by the International Energy Agency (IEA) in
the energy balances for OECD and non-OECD countries, but these data are given by
main sector and not by main product. Thus it is difficult to track energy use related to
the physical production of a certain product — for example, cement. Very few
countries report data at this disaggregated level.
Regional data are available from regional organizations such as the Asia Pacific
Energy Research Centre (APERC) and the Organización Latinoamericana de Energía
(OLADE).
REFERENCES
• EEA, 2002. Energy and Environment in the European Union. Environmental
issue report no. 31. Copenhagen, Denmark: European Environment Agency.
• Energy Policy, June/July 1997 issue, Elsevier Science Limited. Various
articles in this issue discuss the physical and monetary measures of output and
various problems associated with indicators of manufacturing energy use and
intensity.
• Eurostat, various editions. Energy Balance Sheets. Luxembourg: Eurostat.
• IEA, 1997. Indicators of Energy Use and Energy Efficiency. Paris, France:
International Energy Agency (IEA)/Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD).
• IEA, 2004. Oil Crises and Climate Challenges: 30 Years of Energy Use in IEA
Countries. Paris, France: International Energy Agency.
• IEA, various editions. Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries. Paris,
France: International Energy Agency.
• IEA, various editions. Energy Balances of OECD Countries. Paris, France:
International Energy Agency.
• Phylipsen, G.J.M., Blok, K., Worrell, E., 1997. Handbook on International
Comparison of Energy Efficiency in the Manufacturing Industry. Utrecht,
Netherlands: Utrecht University, Dept. of Science, Technology, and Society.
56
• Unander, F., Karbuz, S., Schipper, L., Khrushch, M., Ting, M., 1999.
Manufacturing energy use in IEA countries: Decomposition of long-term
trends, Energy Policy, 27(13): 769–778.
• UNSD. Industry Statistics. New York, NY, USA: United Nations Statistics
Division.
• UNSD. National Accounts Statistics. New York, NY, USA: United Nations
Statistics Division.
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