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connection to the electricity or gas network should not be included. For other
products, any delivery charge should be included. Energy
prices can also be adjusted
(e.g. through taxes) to incorporate external environmental and social costs that energy
producers and consumers impose on others without paying the consequences.
Examples of external costs include the environmental and health impacts of air,
waste
and water pollution, and climate change. Reflecting the cost of these impacts in the
price of energy can help to promote more efficient energy supply and use.
Different prices are often charged to different types of consumer. Therefore,
price data
should be collected both for the main fuels and for different types of consumer — for
example, households or industry.
An underlying principle of tracking price data over time is that the product for which the
price is tracked remains the same throughout the period. This is clear in the case of
gasoline, where the data to be collected is always the price at the pump of 1 litre or
gallon of gasoline. However, for
other products, such as electricity or gas, it is less
straightforward, as the price per kWh paid will vary depending on the amount delivered.
Therefore, it is necessary to define
one or more standard consumers, representative of
consumers in a given country, whose consumption pattern does
not vary from one year
to another, in order to track changes in price paid.
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