Chapter Eight: Russia and Islam
The extract focusing on Makarii’s influence is drawn from Matthew P.
Romaniello’s “Mission Delayed: The Russian
Orthodox Church after the
Conquest of Kazan,”
Church History, September 1, 2007. See
http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/summary_0199-7006685_ITM
.
The quotes about Moscow’s desire to “transform religious authority” and
how Russia came to play the role of “defender of the state” are from Robert D.
Crews’s
For Prophet and Tsar: Islam and Empire in Russia and Central Asia
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006), 2. The observations that the
Russian state claimed its authority was “grounded in religion”
and based on a
“shared moral universe” are drawn from pages 7–8 of the same source.
Some of the background information on Jadidism is from Daniel Kimmage’s
“Central Asia: Jadidism—Old Tradition of Renewal,”
Radio Free Europe/Radio
Liberty, August 9, 2005. You can read the article at
http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1060543.html
.
Gaspirali is quoted in S¸ener Aktürk’s “Identity Crisis: Russia’s Muslims in
the Debate over Russian Identity vis-à-vis Europe,”
International Affairs
Journal, UC Davis, December 31, 2005. The italics are mine.
Much of the information on Russian politics
as they relate to Russian
Muslims is drawn from Shireen T. Hunter’s
Islam in Russia: The Politics of
Identity and Security (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2004), 15–21.
Information about Sultan-Galiev can be found in Maxime Rodinson and
Richard Price’s article “Sultan Galiev—A Forgotten Precursor: Socialism and
the
National Question,” October 2004, which can be found at
http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article3638
.
The long quote from Sultan-Galiev is from Mirsäyet Soltan˘gäliev, quoted
from I. G. Gizzatullin, D. R. Sharafutdinov (compilers),
Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev.
Stat’i, Vystupleniya, Dokumenty (Kazan’: Tatarskoe Knizhskoe Izdatel’stvo,
1992), 52. Cited by Wikipedia.
The quote from Dmitry Shlapentokh is from his article “Islam and Orthodox
Russia:
From Eurasianism to Islamism,”
Communist and Post-Communist
Studies 41 (2008). The italics are mine.