Jumaeva nasiba komil qizi lexical and semantic characteristics of hyponomic relations in words in english and

(types) are distingushed. For instance, a tree (type)- poplar, cherry, maple, apple, 
spruce…(type); fruit (kind) – apple, cherry, peach, apricot, pear (type); teaching 
aids (kind) – notebook, book, pen, ruler …. (type)
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. If we can give examples for 
this relationship such as, a gadjet (kind) - smart watch, smart board, smartphones 
(type). 
Morover, the uzbek linguist Rohatoy Safarova gave the most theoritically 
important points about our research work in her book “Types of lexical-semantic 
relationships” (“Leksik-semantik munosabatlarning turlari”):
In addition to the Uzbek scholar Rohatoy Safarova’s
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opinion that is 
“Language has its own role in expression of gender relations in an objective
universe being uses the usual two options: 
a) A formed compound vocabularies or meaningful units on the 
foundation of an explicit combination of a descriptive word that the name of the 
sign with the word denoting the name of the gender represents the name of the 
concept of the species: Indian goose, Turkish tea, Chinese tea and so on. ( Jins 
belgisining nomini ifodalovchi so’z bilan tur belgisining nomini ifodalovchi 
so’zning eksplitsid tarzda birikuvi asosida hosil bo’lgan so’z birikmasi yordamida 
tur tushunchasining nomini ifodalaydi: cho’rtan baliq, hind g’ozi, xitoy olmasi, 
turk choyi, hind choyi, xitoy choyi va boshqalar); 
b) Without the explicit combination of the word denoting the name of the 
kind sign expresses the name of the type and sign through separating lexical units: 
horse, slave. Do’lan; dog, puppy, house dog and so on. (Jins belgisining nomini 
ifodalovchi so’zning eksplitsid tarzda birikuvisiz, alohida lug’aviy birliklar orqali 
tur belgisining nomini ifodalaydi: ot, qulun, g’olon, do’lon; it, kuchuk, laycha, 
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Rasulov R. O’zbek tilidagi holat fe’llari va ularning obligator valentliklari.-T.:Fan, 1989.-68 b. 
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Safarova R. Leksik-semantik munosabatlarning turlari.-T: O’qituvchi, 1996.-48 b. 

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to’rtko’z, bo’ribosar);
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 Thus, hypo-hyperonymic relations have a possibility to be 
expressed in the language system through two types of linguistic units, in Uzbek 
language two kinds of semantic relationships [kind-type] can be described, exactly 
the methods of expression of hypo-hyperinymic relations through lexical and 
syntactic units is the base or foundation for the conclusion. 
Since, the Uzbek language has a way of expressing hypo-hyperonymic 
relations through syntactic units, the question of defining a syntactic unit that 
serves to create this relationship requires a logical observation. 
In this situation, the Uzbek linguist Safarova Rohatoy’s opinion adds 
clarity: “Dunyodagi barcha boshqa tillar kabi o’zbek tilining ham [jins-tur] 
munosabatini ifodalash asosida bog’langan lug’vaiy birliklarni so’z birikmasi 
vositasida ifodalash imkoniyati cheklanmagan bo’lib, bu vositalar mahsuldor 
modellar orqali tasvirlanadi, xuddi shu tipdagi modellar bilan chegaralanadi”
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At 
the same time, based on the linguist R. Safarova’s comments on the expression of 
hypo-hyperonymic relations in Uzbek language, the following question arises: “ 
Can the evidence in our language prove that the [kind-type] relationship occurs not 
only through lexical units, but also through syntactic units – word combinations?” 
Naturally,this question raises the lexical and syntactic possiblities of our language 
to understand the essence of the unifiying [type-gender] realtionship requires a 
comparision of lexemes and phrases that express the type and gender relationship. 
It is obvious that the lexical meanings of the hyponyms of Uzbekistan, 
“Ma’rifat”, Chorsu, stallion, love, cancer, the hyperonyms of the state, 
newspaper, tree, market, horse, emotion, disease specific generalized semantic 
information is given. Each hyponym names a specific type of hyperonym. 
However, the following units which are in phrases and such hyponyms are the 
Republic of Uzbekistan, “Ma’rifat” newspaper, peach tree, Chorsu market, Arabian 
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Safarova R. Leksik-semantik munosabatlarning turlari.-T: O’qituvchi, 1996.-P.48.
Abuzalova M., Nazarova S. Sistem tilshunoslik asoslari.-Buxoro: “Buxoro” nashriyoti. 2010. –P .96. 
Baskakov N.A., Sodiqov A., Abduazizov A. Umumiy tilshunoslik. – T.: O’qituvchi, 1979. –P. 192. 
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Safarova R. Leksik-semantik munosabatlarning turlari.-T: O’qituvchi, 1996.-P.48. 

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horse, hatred, cancer have their own hyperonyms, exactly, state, newspaper, tree, 
market, horse, emotion “name” a certain type of disease in a specific way.
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The