Jumaeva nasiba komil qizi lexical and semantic characteristics of hyponomic relations in words in english and

 
 
 
 
 

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CHAPTER I. THE INVESTIGATION OF THE PHENOMENON OF THE 
HYPONYMY IN LINGUISTICS. 
1.1. Study of hyponomic relations in lexical and semantical field 
Hyponymy is a little-studied category in world linguistics and has been 
discussed in the scientific work of a number of researchers. It is clearly seen
that the problem of hyponymy has been studied in the works of the following 
scientists: Kottsova E.E. “Hyponymy in the lexical system of the Russian 
language (on the material of verb)”, Cruse D.A “Hyponymy and its varieties”, 
Katz J.J. “Semantic theory”, Lehrer A. “Semantic fields and lexical structure”, 
Murphy M.L. “Semantic relations and the lexicon”. For the first time in the 
Uzbek language, R.Safarova studied this phenomenon in her dissertation entitled 
"Hyponymy in the Uzbek language (na materiale obshcheupotrebitelnykh 
zoonimov)" and J.Sh. Djumabaeva in the dissertation "Lexical and stylistic 
dissertation in Uzbek and English." For more information on hyponymy in the 
section "Graduonymy and hyponymy" in the book "Lexical semantics" by Cruse 
D.A, "Introduction to theoretical linguistics" by J. Lyons, as well as in the book 
"Lexical and stylistic graduonymy in different systematic languages" by J. 
Dzhumabaeva we can have. 
The issue of hyponymic and hypero-hyponymic relations in Russian 
linguistics is also contained in the scientific works of E.E Kottsova, I.N Gridina. 
Hyponymic relationships are also covered in the research of D.J Lyons and V.G 
Gak.
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In linguistics, hyponymy means that hupo, under, and o’numa, “name” that 
is a semantical relationship between a hyponymic words which denoting a subtype 
and a hypernym or hyperonym denoting a subtype. In expressing with another 
words the hyponym in the semantic field is contain within that of the hypernym.
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In simpler terms, a hyponym is in a type of relationship with its hypernym. For 
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Djumabaeva J, Sabirova N. The study of hyponymic taxonomy in English linguistics and the lexical and semantic 
relations of hyponymy. Ilkogretim Online-Elementary Education
Online. 2020; 19(4). -P. 870-878 
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Brinton N. Laurel J. The structure of Modern English: A Linguistic Introduction. (Illustrated edition). John 
Benjamins Publishing Company. 2000. - P. 112 

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instance: lily, rose, tulip and chrysanthemum are all hyponyms of flower, their 
hypernym; which it m,eans that flower is a hyponym of plant, its hypernym.
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color
Figure 1. An example for hyponomic and hypernymic relationship in word “color”. 
Hypernym or hyperonymy also came from Greek word huper, “over”, and 
onuma, “name” that is the converse of hyponymy. A hyponym refers to a type. A 
meronym refers to a part. For example, a hyponym of tree is pine tree or oak tree (a 
type of tree), but a meronym of tree is bark or leaf (a part of tree). Hyponymy 
shows the relationship between a genetic term ( hypernym) and a specific instance 
of it (hyponym). A hyponym is word or phrase which semantic field is more 
specific than its hypernym. The semantic field of a hypernym, also known as a 
superordinate, is broader than that of a hyponym. An approach to the relationship 
between hyponyms and hypernyms is to view a hypernym as consisting of 
hyponyms. This, however, becomes more difficult with abstract words such as 
“imagine”, “understand” and “knowledge”. While hyponyms are typically used to 
refers to nouns, it can also be used on the other parts of speech. Like nouns, 
hypernyms in verbs are words that refer to a broad category actions. For instance, 
verbs such as stare, gaze, view and peer can also be considered hyponymds of the 
verb look, which is their hypernym.
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For example: we can see some examples 
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Fromkin Victoria, Robert Rodman. Introduction to Language. (6
th
edition). Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College 
Publishers. 1998. – P. 250
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https://en.m.wikipedia.org